Significance of serum procalcitonin as biomarker for detection of bacterial peritonitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Yang, Shi-kun; Xiao, Li; Zhang, Hao; Xu, Xiao-xuan; Song, Pan-ai; Liu, Fu-you; Sun, Lin

doi:10.1186/1471-2334-14-452

Table 1 Characteristics of included studies

From: Significance of serum procalcitonin as biomarker for detection of bacterial peritonitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author, year, country	Design	Mean age (years) Case/control	Patient group	Case/control	Outcomes definition	Biomarkers tested	Cut-off^#	Sensitivity, specificity	TP(n)	FP(n)	FN(n)	TN(n)	PCT testing assays (FAS of PCT assays)
Cekin, 2013 [21]	Retrospective	63.4	Cirrhotic	59/24	SBP	Serum PCT	0.42	78%, 75%	46	6	13	18	ECLIA (0.5 ng/ml)
Turkey	Retrospective	63.4	Cirrhotic	59/24	SBP	Serum PCT	0.42	78%, 75%	46	6	13	18	ECLIA (0.5 ng/ml)
Connert, 2003 [25]	Prospective	57	Cirrhotic	19/81	SBP	Serum PCT	0.615	94.7%, 70.4%	18	24	1	57	LUMI test (0.07 ng/ml)
Germany	Prospective	57	Cirrhotic	19/81	SBP	Serum PCT	0.615	94.7%, 70.4%	18	24	1	57	LUMI test (0.07 ng/ml)
Guz, 2006 [17],	Prospective	46.6	PD	21*/35	PDRP	Serum PCT	0.5	62%, 94%	13	2	8	33	LUMI test (0.02 ng/ml)
Turkey						Serum PCT	0.75	43%, 98%	9	1	12	34
						Serum PCT	1.5	38%, 99%	8	0	13	35
						Serum CRP	6	95%, 67%	20	12	1	23
Lai, 2013 [27]	Retrospective	58.2/55.9	Cirrhotic	45/45	SBP	Serum PCT	0.5	83%, 81%	37	9	8	36	ECLIA (0.5 ng/ml)
China	Retrospective	58.2/55.9	Cirrhotic	45/45	SBP	Serum CRP	10	75%, 63%	34	17	11	28	ECLIA (0.5 ng/ml)
Lam, 2008 [18],	Prospective	63.8	PD	35/165	PDRP	Serum PCT	0.5	80%, 92%	28	13	7	152	LUMI test (0.06 ng/ml)
Hong Kong	Prospective	63.8	PD	35/165	PDRP	Serum PCT	0.5	80%, 92%	28	13	7	152	LUMI test (0.06 ng/ml)
Liu, 2006 [31]	Retrospective	52/42	Cirrhotic	17/20	SBP	Serum PCT	0.5	100%, 100%	17	0	0	20	Semi-quantitative PCT-Q (0.5 ng/ml)
China	Retrospective	52/42	Cirrhotic	17/20	SBP	Serum PCT	0.5	100%, 100%	17	0	0	20	Semi-quantitative PCT-Q (0.5 ng/ml)
Liu, 2012 [32]	Retrospective	45.8/43.8	Cirrhotic	55/45	SBP	Serum PCT	0.5	91%, 100%	50	0	5	45	Semi-quantitative PCT-Q (0.5 ng/ml)
China	Retrospective	45.8/43.8	Cirrhotic	55/45	SBP	Serum PCT	0.5	91%, 100%	50	0	5	45	Semi-quantitative PCT-Q (0.5 ng/ml)
Öztürk, 2010 [20]	Retrospective	49.0/44.8	PD	50/50	PDRP	Serum PCT	0.5	42%, 84%	21	8	29	42	Semi-quantitative PCT-Q (0.5 ng/ml)
Turkey						Serum PCT	2	14%, 100%	7	0	43	50
						Serum CRP	50	40%, 100%	20	0	30	50
						Serum CRP	8	90%, 11.9%	45	44	5	6
Spahr, 2001 [22],	Prospective	58.1/57.9	Cirrhotic	10/10	SBP	Serum PCT	0.615	50%, 90%	5	1	5	9	LUMI test (0.07 ng/ml)
Switzerland	Prospective	58.1/57.9	Cirrhotic	10/10	SBP	Ascitic PCT	0.5	30%, 100%	3	0	7	10	LUMI test (0.07 ng/ml)
Viallon, 2000 [23]	Prospective	58.8/57.6	Cirrhotic	21/40	SBP	Serum PCT	0.76	95%, 98%	20	1	1	39	LUMI test (0.07 ng/ml)
France						Serum CRP	80	62%, 92%	13	3	8	37
France						Ascitic PCT	0.3	95%, 85%	20	6	1	34
Wu, 2014 [33]	Retrospective	50.8/53.0	ESLD	178/184	SBP	Serum PCT	0.443	84.3%, 92.7%	150	14	28	170	Immunoluminometric assay (0.1 ng/ml)
China						Serum PCT	0.462	83.7%, 94.9%	149	10	29	174
China						Serum PCT	0.500	81.0%, 96.1%	144	7	34	177
Xie, 2014 [34]	Retrospective	28-71	Cirrhotic	56/36	SBP	Serum PCT	0.5	89.3%, 94.4%	50	2	6	34	ECLIA (0.5 ng/ml)
China	Retrospective	28-71	Cirrhotic	56/36	SBP	Ascitic PCT	0.5	71.4%, 100%	40	0	16	36	ECLIA (0.5 ng/ml)
Yang, 2007 [28]	Retrospective	42.4/43.4	Cirrhotic	97/86	SBP	Ascitic PCT	10	92.8%, 96.5%	90	3	7	83	Immunoluminometric assay (0.1 ng/ml)
China	Retrospective	42.4/43.4	Cirrhotic	97/86	SBP	Ascitic PCT	10	92.8%, 96.5%	90	3	7	83	Immunoluminometric assay (0.1 ng/ml)
Yilmaz, 2007 [19]	Retrospective	51.3/50.7	PD	20/20	PDRP	Serum PCT	0.5	70%, 100%	14	0	6	20	Semi-quantitative PCT-Q (0.5 ng/ml)
Turkey	Retrospective	51.3/50.7	PD	20/20	PDRP	Serum CRP	8	100%, 55%	20	9	0	11	Semi-quantitative PCT-Q (0.5 ng/ml)
Yuan, 2013 [24]	Retrospective	55.9/54.8	CSHB	42/42	SBP	Serum PCT	0.48	95%, 79%	40	9	2	33	Automated Immunoanalysis (0.04 ng/ml)
China						Serum PCT	0.67	36%, 98%	15	1	27	41
						Serum CRP	11.6	86%, 69%	36	13	6	29
						Serum CRP	16.1	64%, 95%	27	2	15	40
Zhang, 2004 [29]	Retrospective	51.4	Cirrhotic	41/21	SBP	Serum PCT	13.7	87.8%, 100%	36	0	5	21	Immunoluminometric assay (0.1 ng/ml)
China	Retrospective	51.4	Cirrhotic	41/21	SBP	Ascitic PCT	9.5	70.7%, 80.9%	29	4	12	17	Immunoluminometric assay (0.1 ng/ml)
Zhang, 2010 [30]	Retrospective	58.0	Cirrhotic	34/39	SBP	Serum PCT	2	79.4%, 89.7%	27	4	7	35	Semi-quantitative PCT-Q (0.5 ng/ml)
China	Retrospective	58.0	Cirrhotic	34/39	SBP	Serum CRP	8	55.2%, 86.7%	19	5	15	34	Semi-quantitative PCT-Q (0.5 ng/ml)
Zhang, 2003 [26]	Retrospective	48.6	Cirrhotic	38/51	SBP	Serum PCT	10	84.2%, 94.1%	32	3	6	48	Semi-quantitative PCT-Q (0.5 ng/ml)
China	Retrospective	48.6	Cirrhotic	38/51	SBP	Serum PCT	10	84.2%, 94.1%	32	3	6	48	Semi-quantitative PCT-Q (0.5 ng/ml)

Note: PD peritoneal dialysis, PDRP peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis, FAS functional assay sensitivities, PCT Procalcitonin, CRP C-reactive protein, SBP Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, ECLIA electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, CSHB Chronic severe hepatitis, ESLD end-stage liver disease.
^#PCT, ng/ml; CRP, mg/l, *16 PD patients had 21 episodes of PD peritonitis during the study period.

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