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Table 3 Characteristics and stool microscopic examination findings among individuals of TS gastroenteritis with diarrhea patients negative for TS in rural Matlab (2000–2012)

From: Gastroenteritis due to typhoidal Salmonella: a decade of observation at an urban and a rural diarrheal disease hospital in Bangladesh

Characteristic

TS n = 290 (%)

Diarrhea patients negative for TS n = 870 (%)

Unadjusted OR (95% CI) p value

Adjusted OR (95% CI) p value

Male sex

161 (56)

440 (51)

1.22 (0.93, 1.61) 0.1

-

Age stratum

   

-

0-14 years

116 (40)

348 (40)

1.00 (0.76, 1.32) 0.9

-

15 years and above

174 (60)

552 (60)

-

-

Maternal illiteracy

25/116 (22)

65/348 (19)

1.20 (0.69, 2.07) 0.5

-

Paternal illiteracy

27/116 (23)

84/348 (24)

0.95 (0.56, 1.61) 0.9

-

Poor socio-economic status (median monthly family income < US$115)

168 (58)

467 (54)

1.19 (0.90, 1.57) 0.2

-

Use of non-sanitary toilet

245 (85)

0 (0)

<0.001 (0.00) <0.001

-

H/o abdominal pain

158 (55)

440 (51)

1.17 (0.89, 1.54) 0.2

-

H/o vomiting in the last 24 hours

219 (76)

570 (66)

1.62 (1.19, 2.22) 0.002

1.88 (1.35, 2.64) <0.001

Fever (Temperature ≥37.8°C)

100 (35)

128 (15)

3.05 (2.22, 4.19) <0.001

22.90 (2.08, 4.06) <0.001

Watery stool (lack of mucus/blood)

237 (82)

692 (80)

1.15 (0.81, 1.64) 0.4

-

Dehydration (moderate/severe)

152 (52)

417 (48)

1.20 (0.91, 1.58) 0.2

-

Duration of diarrhea (>1 day)

155 (53)

317 (36)

2.00 (1.52, 2.64) <0.001

1.78 (1.30, 2.44) <0.001

Hospital stay of ≥24 hours

148 (51)

407 (47)

1.19 (0.90, 1.56) 0.2

-

Use of IV rehydration

50 (17)

210 (24)

0.65 (0.46, 0.93) 0.018

0.74 (0.50, 1.09) 0.124

Use of antimicrobial at home

158 (55)

211 (24)

3.74 (2.88, 4.99) <0.001

3.15 (2.33, 4.27) <0.001

Wasting (<5 years)

28/95 (30)

73/319 (23)

1.41 (0.82, 2.42) 0.2

-

Stunting (<5 years)

31/95 (33)

101/319 (32)

1.05 (0.62, 1.75) 0.9

-

Underweight (<5 years)

32/95 (34)

125/320 (40)

0.79 (0.48, 1.32) 0.4

-

Fecal red blood cell/hpf (1 to >50)

207 (71)

508 (58)

1.78 (1.32, 2.40) <0.001

1.11 (0.67, 1.82) 0.7

Fecal leukocytes/hpf (11 to >50)

241 (83)

630 (72)

1.87 (1.31, 2.68) <0.001

1.44 (0.87, 2.39) 0.2

Fecal macrophage/hpf (1 to 10)

151 (52)

285 (33)

2.23 (1.69, 2.95) <0.001

1.89 (1.29, 2.74) 0.001