Table 1 Demographic data and clinical characteristics of the patients with emphysematous pyelonephritis
From: Predictors of failure of conservative treatment among patients with emphysematous pyelonephritis
Variable, n (%) | Surviving (n = 39) | Died (n = 5) | P-value | OR | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Median age (y) | 60 | 65 | 0.32 | 1. (0.9-1.1) | 0.40 |
Female sex | 27 (69.2) | 5 (100) | 0.30 | - | - |
Underlying condition | |||||
Diabetes mellitus | 27 (69.2) | 3 (60) | 0.65 | 0.7 (0.1-4.5) | 0.68 |
Hypertension | 14 (35.9) | 3 (60) | 0.36 | 2.7 (0.4-18) | 0.31 |
Prior cerebrovascular accident | 4 (10.3) | 1 (20) | 0.47 | 2.2 (0.2-24.7) | 0.53 |
Down syndrome | 1 (2.6) | 0 (0) | 1.00 | - | - |
Liver cirrhosis | 3 (7.7) | 1 (20) | 0.39 | 3 (0.3-36.1) | 0.39 |
Obstructive uropathy | 19 (48.7) | 4 (80) | 0.35 | 4.2 (0.4-41.1) | 0.22 |
Urolithasis | 19 (48.7) | 3 (60) | 1.00 | 1.6 (0.2-10.5) | 0.64 |
Laboratory finding | |||||
Leukocyte (103/μL) | 13.8 | 15.40 | 0.77 | 1.0 (0.9-1.1) | 0.83 |
Platelet count (103/mL) | 195.0 | 106.0 | 0.08 | 0.9 (0.8-1.0) | 0.15 |
Thrombocytopenia | 8 (20.5) | 3 (60) | 0.09 | 5.8 (0.8-40.9) | 0.08 |
(≤120,000/mL) | |||||
Albumin (g/dL) | 2.7 | 2.8 | 0.43 | 0.4 (0.1-2.5) | 0.36 |
Hypoalbuminemia | 17 (47.2) | 5 (100) | 0.05 | - | - |
(<3.0 g/dL) | |||||
Hyponatremia | 10 (25.6) | 2 (40) | 0.60 | 1.9 (0.3-13.3) | 0.50 |
C-reactive Protein (mg/dL) | 9.2 | 5.98 | 0.67 | 1.0 (0.9-1.1) | 0.68 |
Pyuria | 32 (88.9) | 5 (100) | 1.00 | - | - |
Hematuria | 21 (58.3) | 5 (100) | 0.14 | - | - |
HbA1C >8% | 17 (47.2) | 2 (40) | 1.00 | 0.7 (0.1-5.6) | 0.73 |
Image study | |||||
Radiologic classification | 21 (56.8) | 1 (20) | 0.17 | 0.2 (0.02-2.3) | 0.22 |
(3A,3B,4)a | |||||
Involved site (left) | 23 (59.0) | 3 (60) | 1.00 | 0.9 (0.1-6.3) | 0.95 |
Bilateral involvement | 2 (5.1) | 0 (0) | 1.00 | - | - |
Need for hemodialysis | 2 (5.1) | 3 (60) | 0.01 | 27.8 (2.8-272.9) | 0.004 |
Inappropriate empirical antibiotic use | 3 (8.6) | 3 (60) | 0.02 | 16.0 (1.9-136.7) | 0.01 |
Bacteremia | 16 (41.0) | 4 (80) | 0.16 | 5.8 (0.6-56.4) | 0.13 |
Shock | 5 (12.8) | 4 (80) | 0.004 | 27.2 (2.5-295.0) | 0.01 |
Acute kidney injury | 18 (46.2) | 4 (80) | 0.35 | 4.7 (0.5-45.6) | 0.19 |
Altered mental status | 11 (28.2) | 4 (80) | 0.04 | 10.2 (1.0-101.5) | 0.05 |
Polymicrobial infection | 7 (18.0) | 5 (100) | 0.001 | - | - |