Table 2 Risk factors for carriage of H. influenzae associated with biofilm production
From: Non typable-Haemophilus influenzae biofilm formation and acute otitis media
|  | No. of strains (%) | Biofilm non-producer* (n = 110) | Biofilm producer** (n = 106) | P value | OR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age: n =216 | |||||
< 12Â months | 79 (36.6%) | 37 (46.8%) | 42 (53.2%) | 0.361 | Â |
> 12Â months | 137 (63.4%) | 73 (53.3%) | 64 (46.72%) | ||
Types of daycare: n = 216 | |||||
Daycare center | 117 (54.2%) | 61 (52.1%) | 56 (47.9%) | 0.616 | Â |
Home | 49 (22.7%) | 22 (44.9%) | 27 (55.1%) | ||
Nurse | 50 (23.1%) | 27 (54%) | 23 (46%) | ||
Association with Streptococcus pneumoniae : n = 216 | |||||
Yes | 97 (44.9%) | 43 (44.3%) | 54 (55.7%) | 0.08 | Â |
No | 119 (55.1%) | 67 ( 56.3%) | 52 (43.7%) | ||
β-lactamase production: n = 216 | |||||
Yes | 37 (17.1%) | 21 (56.80%) | 16 (43.20%) | 0.436 | Â |
No | 179 (82.9%) | 89 (49.72%) | 90 (50.28%) | ||
Penicillin-binding protein modification: resistance to amoxicillin: n =216 | |||||
Yes | 32 (14.8%) | 22 (68.75%) | 10 (31.25%) | 0.029 | 2.4 [1.08;5.35] |
No | 184 (85.2%) | 88 (47.83%) | 96 (52.17%) | ||
History of AOM: n =172 | |||||
Yes | 104 (60.5%) | 54 (51.9%) | 50 (48.1%) | 0.168 | Â |
No | 68 (39.5%) | 28 (41.2%) | 40 (58.8%) | ||
Associated conjunctivitis: n = 214 | |||||
Yes | 54 (25.2%) | 39 (72.2%) | 15 (27.8%) | <0.001 | 3.3 [1.66;6.38] |
No | 160 (74.8%) | 71 (44.4%) | 89 (55.6%) | ||
Previous antimicrobial therapy (<3 months): n = 210 | |||||
None | 91 (43.3%) | 43 (47.2%) | 48 (52.8%) | 0.716 | Â |
Amoxicillin | 70 (33.3%) | 37 (52.9%) | 33 (47.1%) | ||
3GC*** | 49 (23.4%) | 26 (53.1%) | 23 (46.9%) | ||
Pneumococcal vaccination: n = 216 | |||||
Yes | 211 (97.7%) | 106 (50.2%) | 105 (49.8%) | 0.188 | Â |
No | 5 (2.3%) | 4 (80.0%) | 1 (20.0%) | Â | |