Table 2 Infant demographics, risk factors and outcomes in cases and controls

Demographics

GA (wks)

30.5 [29.9, 31.1]

30.4 [29.4, 31.3]

0.90

Bwt (g)

1592 [1493, 1692]

1535 [1365, 1706]

0.77

Male sex, n (%)

56 (54)

17 (50)

0.65

Age at infection (days)

40.7 [35.8, 45.5]

37.7 [30.3, 45.0]

0.75

Inborn (%)

43 (41.2)

14 (41.2)

1.00

Risk factors

Catheter, n (%)

93 (91)

33 (97)

0.20

3.6 [0.4 to 29.1]

PN, n (%)

92 (90.2)

30 (88.2)

0.74

PN duration (days)

49.3 [43.9, 54.8]

47.5 [40.0, 55.1]

0.86

NEC (%)

24 (23.5)

7 (20.6)

0.72

0.8 [0.3 to 2.2]

NEC surgery (%)

18 (17.6)

6 (17.6)

1.00

1.0 [0.4 to 2.8]

Surgery other than NEC (%)

55 (53.9)

25 (73.5)

0.04*

2.4 [1.0 to 5.6]

Any surgery (%)

56 (54.9)

25 (73.5)

0.05*

2.3 [1.0 to 5.4]

Direct hyperbilirubinemia (%)

33 (32.4)

17 (50.0)

0.06

2.1 [1.0 to 4.6]

Congenital heart disease (%)

28 (27.5)

9 (26.5)

0.91

1.0 [0.4 to 2.3]

Congenital malformations (%)

31 (30.4)

15 (44.1)

0.14

1.8 [0.8 to 4.0]

Outcomes

Mortality (%)

19.6

47.1

0.001 *

4.3 [1.8 to 10.2] Logistic model adjusted for surgery

Hospital stay (days)

101.7 [93.6, 109.8]

100.5 [88.1, 112.9]

0.99

Infection duration (days)

2.1 [1.9, 2.2]

2.9 [2.5, 3.3]

0.02*

BPD (%)

35 (34.3)

9 (26.5)

0.40

0.7 [0.3 to 1.6]

IPPV at 36wks (%)

24 (23.7)

12 (35.3)

0.19

1.8 [0.8 to 4.1]

CPAP at 36wks (%)

8 (7.8)

4 (11.8)

0.49

1.6 [0.4 to 5.6]

HFOV (%)

33 (32.4)

10 (29.4)

0.75

0.9 [0.4 to 2.0]

ECMO (%)

16 (15.7)

6 (17.6)

0.79

1.2 [0.4 to 3.2]

INO (%)

26 (25.5)

14 (41.2)

0.08

2.1 [0.9 to 4.6]

INO or HFOV or ECMO (%)

52 (50.9)

18 (52.9)

0.84

1.1 [0.5 to 2.4]

PDA (%)

13 (32.4)

33 (38.2)

0.53

1.3 [0.6 to 2.9]

ROP (%)

12 (11.8)

4 (11.8)

1.00

1.0 [0.3 to 3.3]

Severe ROP (%)

7 (6.9)

3 (8.8)

0.70

1.3 [0.3 to 5.4]

ROP surgery (%)

6 (5.9)

2 (5.9)

1.00

1.0 [0.2 to 5.2]

Severe IVH (%)

18 (17.6)

5 (14.7)

0.69

0.8 [0.3 to 2.4]

Severe IVH or PVL (%)

19 (19.6)

5 (14.7)

0.52

0.8 [0.3 to 2.2]