Polymicrobial bloodstream infections in the neonatal intensive care unit are associated with increased mortality: a case-control study

Table 1 Microbiology of monomicrobial and polymicrobial bloodstream infections

	Monomicrobial infections data as n (%)	Polymicrobial infections data as n (%)
CONS	16 (15.69)	12 (16.22)
Staphylococcus aureus	16 (15.69)	6 (8.11)
Streptococcus agalactiae	6 (5.88)	2 (2.70)
Candida albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata	7 (6.86)	7 (9.46)
Escherichia coli	18 (17.65)	5 (6.76)
Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecium	7 (6.86)	11 (14.86)
Enterobacter cloacae, E. aerogenes	8 (7.84)	5 (6.76)
Klebsiella pneumoniae, K. oxytoca	6 (5.88)	11 (14.86)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	4 (3.92)	4 (5.41)
Bacillus spp.	4 (3.92)	1 (1.35)
Serratia marcescens	3 (2.94)	3 (4.05)
Others	7 (6.86)	7 (9.46)
Total	102 (100)	72 (100)

In monomicrobial bloodstream infections, 102 organisms were isolated from 102 infectious episodes. In polymicrobial bloodstream infections, 74 organisms were isolated from 34 infectious episodes. ‘Others’ include Streptococcus salivarius, Citrobacter freundii, Clostridium tertium for monomicrobial infections and for polymicrobial infections; they were Lactobacillus, Proteus mirabilis, Streptococcus sanguinus, Micrococcus spp., Acinetobacter baumanii complex and Gamma Streptococcus. All the organisms in the ‘Others’ group was cultured at least twice from 2 different samples. Candida species, Enterococcus species and Klebsiella species were isolated at higher frequencies in polymicrobial infections than monomicrobial infections. The most common combination of polymicrobial organisms were CONS and Candida (n = 6) and CONS and Enterococcus fecalis (n = 3).

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