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Table 1 Sample characteristics according to the presence of lipodystrophy defined by FMR

From: Carotid intima media thickness is associated with body fat abnormalities in HIV-infected patients

 

Without L

With L

P

n (%)

117

82

-

Gender [n (%)]

   

 Male

71 (60.7)

61 (74.4)

0.063

 Female

46 (39.3)

21 (25.6)

 

Age [years, mean (sd)]

44.8 (12.1)

49.2 (10.2)

0.002

Duration of HIV infection [years, mean (sd)]

7.2 (3.8)

8.5 (3.5)

0.005

cART [years, mean (sd)]

5.7 (3.7)

7.9 (3.3)

<0.001

Weight [Kg, mean (sd)]

68.0 (14.3)

68.0 (10.6)

0.805

Height [m, mean (sd)]

1.64 (0.09)

1.64 (0.08)

0.518

BMI [(Kg/m2), mean (sd)]

25.2 (5.0)

25.3 (4.0)

0.637

Waist circumference [cm, mean (sd)]

90.6 (12.7)

92.6 (10.2)

0.174

Hip circumference [cm, mean (sd)]

96.1 (9.4)

92.5 (6.4)

0.005

Thigh circumference [cm, mean (sd)]

48.5 (5.5)

47.0 (4.9)

0.025

Arm circumference [cm, mean (sd)]

26.7 (3.2)

27.2 (2.6)

0.285

Neck circumference [cm, mean (sd)]

36.6 (3.8)

37.8 (3.8)

0.045

Waist/hip circumference ratio [mean (sd)]

0.94 (0.09)

1.00 (0.07)

<0.001

CD4 cell count [cells/mm3, mean (sd)]

502.7 (265.0)

631.8 (340.8)

0.006

HIV RNA (<50) [n (%)]

102 (87.2)

74 (90.2)

0.660

HIV risk factor [n (%)]

   

 Injecting drug user

32 (27.8)

15 (18.3)

0.050

 Homosexual contact

7 (6.1)

14 (17.1)

 Heterosexual contact

74 (64.3)

51 (62.2)

 Others

2 (1.7)

2 (2.4)

CDC [n (%)]

   

 A

63 (54.3)

53 (64.6)

0.209

 B

1 (0.9)

0 (0)

 C

52 (44.8)

29 (35.4)

ART [n (%)]

   

 PI

59 (51.3)

48 (58.5)

0.390

 NNRTI

58 (50.4)

38 (46.3)

0.673

 NRTI

112 (97.4)

79 (96.3)

0.695

Smoking history [n (%)]

   

Never

44 (37.9)

36 (43.9)

 

Current

55 (47.4)

27 (32.9)

 

Former

17 (14.7)

19 (23.2)

0.092

Familial history of CVD [n (%)]

51 (43.6)

40 (48.8)

0.563

Taking medications [n (%)]

   

Statins

22 (19.0)

25 (30.5)

0.088

Fibrates

39 (33.6)

39 (47.6)

0.067

Oral anti-diabetics

13 (11.2)

16 (19.5)

0.154

Insulin

6 (5.2)

4 (4.9)

1.000

Anti-hypertensive drugs

21 (17.9)

19 (23.5)

0.442

Fat mass [%, mean (sd)] DXA

   

 Total

24.8 (13.1)

19.3 (8.5)

0.003

 Trunk

25.7 (13.3)

24.3 (9.0)

0.446

 Leg

24.4 (14.7)

11.1 (7.4)

<0.001

 Arm

27.2 (17.1)

20.3 (13.6)

0.007

Fat mass [Kg, mean (sd)] DXA

   

 Total

17.3 (11.1)

13.2 (7.3)

0.013

 Trunk

9.3 (6.0)

9.0 (4.8)

0.918

 Leg

5.2 (3.6)

2.1 (1.6)

<0.001

 Arm

2.1 (1.9)

1.5 (1.2)

0.019

Body fat mass by quantitative CT

   

 Total fat [cm2, mean (sd)]

282.2 (174.5)

276.6 (124.0)

0.865

 VAT [cm2, mean (sd)]

111.5 (85.8)

158.2 (63.2)

<0.001

 SAT [cm2, mean (sd)]

170.8 (125.7)

118.3 (93.1)

0.002

 VAT/SAT ratio [cm2, mean (sd)]

1.08 (1.46)

2.43 (2.62)

<0.001

Systolic blood pressure [mmHg, mean (sd)]

120.0 (18.9)

124.6 (15.8)

0.039

Diastolic blood pressure [mmHg, mean (sd)]

75.8 (11.9)

78.0 (10.6)

0.139

Leukocytes [109/L, mean (sd)]

5.66 (1.67)

6.39 (1.88)

0.007

Glucose 0 min [mg/dL, mean (sd)]

104.4 (45.1)

114.7 (44.2)

0.003

Glucose 2 hours [mg/dL, mean (sd)]

123.6 (42.9)

139.2 (50.3)

0.051

Insulin 0 min [μU/mL, mean (sd)]

9,49 (10.28)

13.00 (10.68)

0.002

Insulin 2 hours [μU/mL, mean (sd)]

52.43 (46.65)

91.32 (147,24)

0.007

HOMA [mean (sd)]

2,54 (2.90)

3.73 (3.31)

<0.001

A1c [% mean (sd)]

5.50 (1.06)

5.77 (0.06)

0.001

Total cholesterol [mg/dL, mean (sd)]

218.6 (53.2)

233.6 (61.0)

0.093

LDL-cholesterol [mg/dL, mean (sd)]

126.1 (47.1)

132.3 (50.7)

0.461

HDL-cholesterol [mg/dL, mean (sd)]

47.0 (14.4)

44.3 (12.0)

0.262

Non-HDL cholesterol [mg/dL, mean (sd)]

171.6 (48.9)

189.3 (56.5)

0.019

Triglycerides[mg/dL, mean (sd)]

247.5 (170.9)

307.2 (198.5)

0.006

Apo A1 [mg/dL, mean (sd)]

118.8 (25.8)

114.3 (18.3)

0.204

Apo B [mg/dL, mean (sd)]

104.7 (26.7)

106.1 (25.4)

0.827

Ratio apo B/apo A1 [mean (sd)]

0.91 (0.27)

0.95 (0.25)

0.297

Lp (a) [mg/dL, mean (sd)]

30.2 (31.2)

31.1 (39.7)

0.421

Homocysteine [μmol/L, mean (sd)]

9.6 (4.1)

9.8 (3.7)

0.435

CRP [mg/L, mean (sd)]

5.4 (12.9)

4.0 (4.2)

0.913

hsCRP [mg/dL, mean (sd)]

0.48 (0.91)

0.37 (0.28)

0.185

Lactates [mmol/L, mean (sd)]

1.12 (0.47)

1.36 (0.58)

0.001

NT-ProBNP [pg/mL, mean (sd)]

39.1 (67.3)

28.6 (27.1)

0.414

Fibrinogen [mg/dL, mean (sd)]

344.8 (98.3)

336.2 (92.1)

0.463

Microalbumin [mg/L, mean (sd)]

49.1 (150.6)

26.0 (67.7)

0.435

Uric acid [mg/L, mean (sd)]

44.4 (15.2)

51.2 (15.4)

<0.001

Carotid IMT [mm, mean (sd)]

0.76 (0.25)

0.81 (0.24)

0.037

  1. (L – Lipodystrophy FMR defined; CDC – Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for staging of HIV infection; cART – combined antiretroviral therapy; BMI – body mass index; FMR – fat mass ratio; CVD – cardiovascular disease; DXA – dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; CT – computed tomography; PI – protease inhibitor; NNRTI – non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NRTI – nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, VAT – visceral adipose tissue, SAT – subcutaneous adipose tissue, IMT – intima-media thickness).