Table 2 Clinical characteristics of deaths caused by hand foot and mouth disease in Vietnam 2011
Characteristic | No. of cases/total (%) |
|---|---|
Symptoms recorded at admission in terminal hospital | Â |
  Fever | 165/169 (98) |
  Myoclonus | 87/131 (66) |
  Vomiting | 70/131 (53) |
  Oral ulcers | 60/119 (50) |
  Vesicular erythema | 62/125 (50) |
  Diarrhea | 11/114 (10) |
  Shock | 74/169 (44) |
  Respiratory failure/cyanosis | 69/169 (41) |
  Pulmonary edema | 37/169 (22) |
  Apnea /Dyspnea | 14/169 (8) |
Highest clinical grade recorded at admission in terminal hospital | Â |
  1 | 10/158 (6) |
  2a | 53/158 (34) |
  2b | 26/158 (17) |
  3 or 4 | 63/158 (40) |
  Misdiagnosis | 6/158 (4) |
Laboratory results during hospitalization | Â |
  White blood cell count > 16000/mm3* | 106/142 (75) |
  Blood sugar > 180 mg/dL* | 76/142 (54) |
  Severe Metabolic acidosis | 69/140 (49) |
  Troponin I (+) | 63/142 (44) |
  Platelet > 400,000/mm3* | 57/142 (40) |
EV test results | Â |
  EV71 | 84/103 (82) |
  EV | 16/103 (16) |
Main causes of death | Â |
  Respiratory failure | 123/150 (82) |
  Prolonged shock | 104/150 (69) |
  Coma | 83/150 (55) |
  Ventricular fibrillation | 11/150 (7) |
  Others (heart failure, cerebral edema ect.) | 17/150 (11) |
Treatment | Â |
Vasoactive drugs | Â |
  Dobutamine | 153/169 (91) |
  Adrenaline | 102/169 (60) |
  Noradrenaline | 51/169 (30) |
  Dopamine | 26/169 (15) |
Intravenous immunoglobulin | 159/169 (94) |
Hemofiltration | 35/169 (21) |