|
Age in years (SD)
|
63.4 (18.0)
|
|
Male sex (%)
|
295 (58.4)
|
|
Comorbidities (%)
| |
|
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
|
98 (19.4)
|
|
Congestive heart failure
|
68 (13.5)
|
|
Renal disease
|
40 (7.9)
|
|
Diabetes mellitus
|
77 (15.2)
|
|
Liver disease
|
2 (0.4)
|
|
Pneumonia Severity Index class I-III (%)
|
279 (55.2)
|
|
Pneumonia Severity Index class IV-V (%)
|
226 (44.8)
|
|
Pathogens (%)
| |
|
Streptococcus pneumoniae
|
124 (24.6)
|
|
Coxiella burnetii
|
28 (5.5)
|
|
Haemophilus influenzae
|
27 (5.3)
|
|
Legionella pneumophila
|
20 (4.0)
|
|
Chlamydophila species
|
16 (3.2)
|
|
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
|
9 (1.8)
|
|
Staphylococcus aureus
|
9 (1.8)
|
|
Only viral pathogen
|
35 (6.9)
|
|
Other pathogen
|
27 (5.3)
|
|
No pathogen identified
|
210 (41.6)
|
|
Empirical antibiotic treatment (%)
| |
|
Beta-lactam, penicillins (monotherapy)
|
254 (50.3)
|
|
Other beta-lactam (monotherapy)
|
86 (17.0)
|
|
Beta-lactam, penicillins + quinolone
|
34 (6.7)
|
|
Beta-lactam, penicillins + macrolides
|
33 (6.5)
|
|
Other beta-lactam + aminoglycoside
|
20 (4.0)
|
|
Other beta-lactam + quinolone
|
16 (3.2)
|
|
Quinolone (monotherapy)
|
11 (2.2)
|
|
Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins (monotherapy)
|
11 (2.2)
|
|
Beta-lactam, penicillin + aminoglycoside
|
7 (1.4)
|
|
Other beta-lactam, penicillin + macrolides
|
7 (1.4)
|
|
Sulfanomides and trimethoprim (monotherapy)
|
6 (1.2)
|
|
Tetracyclines (monotherapy)
|
6 (1.2)
|
|
Other
|
14 (2.8)
|
|
Outcomes
| |
|
Length of hospital stay (IQR)
|
8.5 (6.0-13.0)
|
|
Intensive care unit admission (%)
|
38 (7.5)
|
|
In-hospital mortality (%)
|
24 (4.8)
|
|
30-Day mortality (%)
|
26 (5.1)
|
|
One-year mortality (%)
|
73 (14.5) ⟂
|
