Difference in immune response in vaccinated and unvaccinated Swedish individuals after the 2009 influenza pandemic

Table 7 Mean values of A/H1N1/California/7/2009-specific Abs and IFN-γ production in blood from study participants with or without pdm flu vaccination and reported either symptoms or no symptoms of ILI

	Vacc + & Sym+			Vacc + & Sym-			Vacc- & Sym+			Vacc- & Sym-
	A	C	P	A	C	P	A	C	p	A	C	P
	SRH (mm ² ), geometric mean
A/H1N1/California	20.6	28.7	*<0.001*	20.4	28.2	< *0.001*	14.8	18.1	0.4	20.4	20.7	0.9
	IFN-γ (pg/mL)
A/H1N1/Brisbane	126	339	*<0.001*	115	279	*<0.001*	156	163	0.2	128	158	*0.04*
A/H1N1/Solomon s/3/2006	97	293	*<0.001*	90	231	*<0.001*	121	164	0.2	108	140	*0.001*
A/H3N2/Uruguay	195	350	*<0.001*	162	297	*<0.001*	224	256	0.3	170	233	*<0.01*
A/H3N2/Wisconsin	207	346	*<0.001*	170	294	*<0.001*	247	264	0.4	200	245	*0.04*
A/H5N1/Vietnam	346	426	*0.03*	325	427	*<0.001*	336	382	0.3	347	363	0.7
B/Florida	231	316	*0.04*	202	230	0.06	280	286	0.8	230	267	0.09
B/Malaysia	138	204	*0.03*	129	163	*<0.01*	191	221	0.4	157	183	0.1
M1	31	81	*<0.01*	27	51	*<0.001*	37	26	0.3	30	36	0.5
M2	18	18	0.3	18	20	*0.03*	18	18	0.3	18	20	0.5
CFP-10	21	19	0.3	22	24	0.4	18	18	0.9	21	22	0.5
PHA	513	521	0.3	495	513	0.05	500	546	0.15	516	534	0.3
Mean IFN-γ	165	240		151	211		173	199		164	192
N	69	69		312	312		48	48		208	208

The Wilcoxon-Mann–Whitney rank-sum test was used to calculate the p-values (difference between time point A and B). Note the increased antigen-specific cellular immune responses in blood from participants who did not receive the vaccine and did not report any ILI symptoms. P values below 0.05 are indicated in bold.

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