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Table 1 Patient characteristics and treatments at hospital admission involving the initial CDI episode

From: Risk factors for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) hospitalization among hospitalized patients with an initial CDI episode: a retrospective cohort study

Patient characteristics

Patients who developed rCDI

Patients who did not develop rCDI

Hazard ratio

(n = 425)

(n = 3775)

95% CI

Demographics

   

  Age, years (median[range])

64.8 (18.3 – 98.2)

61.6 (18.0 –102.4)

1.01 (1.01 – 1.02)

  Gender: female

210 (49)

1824 (48)

1.05 (0.87 – 1.27)

Comorbiditiesa

   

  Myocardial infarction

40 (9)

328 (9)

1.12 (0.81 – 1.55)

  Congestive heart failure

108 (25)

854 (23)

1.23 (0.99 – 1.53)

  Peripheral vascular disease

34 (8)

269 (7)

1.13 (0.79 – 1.60)

  Cerebrovascular disease

41 (10)

256 (7)

1.51 (1.10 – 2.09)

  Chronic renal failure

21 (5)

190 (5)

0.98 (0.64 – 1.53)

  Dementia

5 (1)

23 (1)

1.83 (0.76 – 4.41)

  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

116 (27)

912 (24)

1.18 (0.95 – 1.46)

  Rheumatologic disease

18 (4)

146 (4)

1.11 (0.69 – 1.78)

  Peptic ulcer disease

20 (5)

154 (4)

1.18 (0.75 – 1.85)

  Mild liver disease

17 (4)

201 (5)

0.81 (0.50 – 1.32)

  Moderate to severe liver disease

12 (3)

134 (4)

0.86 (0.48 – 1.53)

  Diabetes

135 (32)

975 (26)

1.32 (1.08 – 1.62)

  Paraplegia or hemiplegia

12 (3)

78 (2)

1.40 (0.79 – 2.45)

  Any malignancy (excluding leukemia/lymphoma)

83 (20)

770 (20)

0.99 (0.78 – 1.25)

  Leukemia or lymphoma

78 (18)

660 (18)

1.05 (0.82 – 1.34)

  Metastatic solid tumor

56 (13)

449 (12)

1.19 (0.90 – 1.58)

  HIV/AIDS

10 (2)

66 (2)

1.30 (0.70 – 2.44)

Charlson composite score

   

  0-2

223 (53)

2182 (58)

Ref

  3-5

117 (28)

922 (24)

1.27 (1.01 – 1.59)

  > = 6

85(20)

671 (18)

1.32 (1.03 – 1.69)

Case statusb

   

  HCFO/HCFA

203 (48)

2332 (62)

Ref

  CA or unknown

57 (13)

597 (16)

1.07 (0.79 – 1.43)

  CO/HCFA, indeterminate, or non- BJH HCFA

165 (39)

846 (22)

2.17 (1.76 – 2.66)

 Admitted from another healthcare facility

109 (26)

1019 (27)

0.97 (0.78 – 1.21)

 Number of inpatient admissions in previous 60 days

   

  0

200 (47)

2313 (61)

Ref

  1

150 (35)

1021 (27)

1.70 (1.37 – 2.10)

  2+

75 (18)

441 (12)

1.96 (1.50 – 2.55)

Baseline laboratory datac

   

  Low albumin at admission

52 (12)

522 (14)

0.94 (0.70 – 1.25)

  Low WBC at admission

44 (10)

420 (11)

0.92 (0.68 – 1.26)

  High WBC at admission

236 (56)

2122 (56)

0.86 (0.66 – 1.12)

  Low hemoglobin at admission

182 (43)

1572 (42)

1.09 (0.90 – 1.32)

  High creatinine at admission

108 (25)

947 (25)

1.04 (0.84 – 1.30)

  Low creatinine clearance

218 (51)

1636 (43)

1.43 (1.18 – 1.73)

  1. rCDI = recurrent C. difficile infection.
  2. aComorbidities diagnosed within previous 1 year (identified by ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes.
  3. bHCFO = health care facility onset; HCFA = healthcare facility-associated; CA = community acquired; CO = community onset. Case she status for 6 patients’ was unknown: 1 among those who developed rCDI and 5 among those who did not.
  4. cThe following threshold values defined “high” and “low” levels: albumin <2.5 g/dL; WBC low <3.8*103/mm3; WBC high >9.8*103/mm3; hemoglobin <10.0 g/dL; creatinine >1.5 ug/dL; creatinine clearance <70 mL/min. WBC = white blood cells.