Do the omeprazole family compounds exert a protective effect against influenza-like illness?

BMC Infectious Diseases

Table 4 Odds Ratios for ILI occurrence in the study population in the 2010/11 influenza season as a function of demographic features, lifestyle, underlying diseases and drug use, n = 508 (Multivariable analysis – Hierarchical approach)

	Multivariable analysis
Variables	Adjusted OR^§	95% CI	p	Adjusted OR^§	95% CI	p	Adjusted OR^§	95% CI	p
	Level 1			Level 2			Level 3
Demographic features and lifestyle habits
Aged 65 yrs or more*	1.94	0.24;15.6	0.53
Smoking**	0.64	0.37;1.14	0.13
Drinking**^#	3.04	1.22;7.59	0.02	2.17	0.87;5.51	0.09 ^{^}	2.10	0.87;4.94	0.10
Underlying pathologies
Cardiovascular diseases**	0.34	0.14;0.83	0.02	0.56	0.22;1.39	0.21
Hypertension**	1.26	0.68;2.35	0.47
Respiratory diseases**	1.64	0.73;3.71	0.23
Diabetes**	0.96	0.29;3.17	0.94
Cancer**	1.08	0.15;7.93	0.94
Kidney diseases**	0.61	0.14;2.71	0.51
Dyslipidaemia**	0.17	0.07;0.42	0.0001	0.12	1.56	0.20
Gastric ulcer**	0.20	0.07;0.54	0.002	1.18	0.31;4.57	0.82
Gastric diseases**°	0.38	0.13;1.12	0.08 ^{^}	1.18	0.30;4.57	0.81
Drugs taken
Fibrates**				0.08	0.05;1.41	0.09 ^{^}	0.03	0.01;0.50	0.02
Statins**				0.28	0.07;1.15	0.08 ^{^}	0.15	0.05;0.43	<0.001
Antibiotics**				1.75	0.53;5.79	0.36
Omeprazole family compounds**				0.31	0.13;0.76	0.01	0.29	0.15;0.52	<0.001
Vaccination status
Influenza vaccination**							0.31	0.16;0.58	<0.001

^§Conditional logistic regression models.
^{^}As several variables were included in each level, only those variables reaching p < 0.1 were kept in the next step, in order to avoid unstable estimates in subsequent models.
^*Reference: Less than 65 yrs.
^**Reference: NO.
^#Reference: More than 2 glasses of wine or more than one glass of spirits a day.
°Except Gastric ulcer.
The statistical significant p values are reported in bold.

ISSN: 1471-2334