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Table 3 Total cohort: univariate analysis of factors associated with embolism*

From: Predicting the occurrence of embolic events: an analysis of 1456 episodes of infective endocarditis from the Italian Study on Endocarditis (SEI)

Characteristics

IE episodes

IE episodes

p ≤ †

 

with embolic

without embolic

 
 

events

events

 

Number of episodes of IE

499

957

 

Age (y)

62 (28 to 81)

67 (31 to 84)

0.0002

Male

361 (72)

657 (69)

NS

Hemodialysis

10 (2)

19 (2)

NS

Diabetes mellitus

86 (17)

182 (19)

NS

HIV infection

29 (6)

23 (2)

0.004

Cancer

46 (9)

129 (13)

0.03

Chronic liver disease

115 (23)

147 (15)

0.0005

Current intravenous drug abuse

74 (15)

57 (6)

0.0001

Previous IE

38 (8)

80 (8)

NS

Chronic intravenous access

59 (12)

95 (10)

NS

Congenital heart disease

38 (8)

74 (8)

NS

Native valve predisposition

132 (26)

270 (28)

NS

Nosocomial IE

29 (6)

50 (5)

NS

Health care associated IE

107 (21)

227 (24)

NS

Community-acquired IE

363 (73)

680 (71)

NS

Native vs prosthetic valve

385 vs 114

732 vs 225

NS

Site of IE (n = 1282)

 

  Mitral vs aortic valve

166 vs 161

329 vs 359

NS

  Bivalvular involvement (mitral and aortic)

39 (8)

78 (8)

NS

Right-sided IE

60 (12)

29 (3)

0.0001

CIED-IE

21 (4)

40 (4)

NS

Vegetations (n = 710)‡

 

  Size of all vegetations (mm)

14 (6 to 30)

10 (4 to 26)

0.0001

  ≥ 10 mm

228 (79)

264 (63)

0.0001

  ≥ 15 mm

142 (49)

145 (35)

0.0001

  ≥ 20 mm

74 (26)

78 (19)

0.03

Concomitant therapy at onset of IE

 

  Anticoagulants

102 (20)

228 (24)

NS

  Antiaggregants

68 (14)

103 (11)

NS

Microbiology

   

  Staphylococcus aureus

141 (28)

142 (15)

0.0001

  Viridans group streptococci

66 (13)

151 (16)

NS

  Coagulase-negative staphylococci

52 (10)

95 (10)

NS

  Enterococcus species

45 (9)

137 (1)

0.004

  Streptococcus bovis

44 (9)

98 (10)

NS

  Polymicrobial

19 (4)

32 (3)

NS

  Other microorganisms

16 (3)

45 (6)

NS

  Other streptococci

16 (3)

43 (5)

NS

  Fungi/yeasts

7 (1)

13 (1)

NS

  HACEK

1 (0.2)

2 (0.2)

NS

  Microbiology negative

92 (18)

199 (21)

NS

  1. *Total cohort, N = 1456 episodes of infective endocarditis. Data reported as number, median (range, 5th to 95th percentile), or number (%). Abbreviations: CIED-IE infective endocarditis associated with a cardiac implantable electronic device, HACEK Haemophilus species, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, and Kingella kingae, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, IE infective endocarditis.
  2. †NS, not significant (p > 0.05).
  3. ‡ IE episodes with vegetations of known size: 710 episodes (290 episodes with embolism and 420 episodes without embolism).
  4. Bold numbers represent statistically significant differences.
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BMC Infectious Diseases

ISSN: 1471-2334

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