From: Factors affecting immunogenicity of BCG in infants, a study in Malawi, The Gambia and the UK
Analyte (pg/mL) | Malawi | Malawi | The Gambia | UK | Malawi | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BCG between 3–11 weeksa | BCG at 1 week | BCG at 1 week | BCG between 3–13 weeksa | Early vs late BCG vaccination | ||
n = 40 | n = 30 | n = 24 | n = 28 | Fold differenceb | P valuec | |
Pro-inflammatory | ||||||
IFN-γ | 76 | 36.8 | 175.5 | 902 | 2.1 | 0.26 |
IL-2 | 1.6 | 4.2 | 1.6 | 10 | 0.4 | <0.001 |
sIL-2R | 1400 | 96.8 | 117.7 | 227 | 14.5 | <0.001 |
IL-1α | 1173 | 45.5 | 102.3 | 399 | 25.8 | <0.001 |
IL-1β | 17 | 22.1 | 36.7 | 27 | 0.8 | 0.61 |
IL-1ra | 222 | 29.1 | 62.1 | 116 | 7.6 | <0.001 |
IL-6 | 954 | 1149.1 | 2654.1 | 1881 | 0.8 | 0.069 |
TNF-α | 139 | 81.3 | 87.5 | 111 | 1.7 | 0.030 |
TNF-β | 4 | 1.6 | 7.7 | 14 | 2.5 | 0.19 |
IFN-α2 | 108 | 1.6 | 3.6 | 22 | 67.5 | <0.001 |
Th2 | ||||||
IL-4 | 4 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 2.5 | <0.001 |
IL-5 | 75 | 6.8 | 6.4 | 4 | 11.0 | <0.001 |
IL-13 | 1434 | 41.6 | 19.4 | 47 | 34.5 | <0.001 |
Th9 | ||||||
IL-9 | 10 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 6.3 | <0.001 |
Th17 | ||||||
IL-17 | 60 | 7 | 5.4 | 26 | 8.6 | <0.001 |
T cell regulation | ||||||
IL-10 | 95 | 10.6 | 20 | 23 | 9.0 | <0.001 |
T cell activation | ||||||
IL-12p40 | 27.5 | 8.4 | 6.6 | 63 | 3.3 | <0.001 |
IL-12p70 | 6 | 1.6 | 5.5 | 1.6 | 3.8 | <0.001 |
Costimulation | ||||||
sCD40L | 186 | 30.8 | 18.6 | 153 | 6.0 | <0.001 |
Chemokines | ||||||
IP-10 | 3758 | 2517.2 | 1530.1 | 12798 | 1.5 | 0.006 |
MIP-1α | 64 | 130.2 | 93 | 623 | 0.5 | 0.31 |
MIP-1β | 709.5 | 348.3 | 300.5 | 961 | 2.0 | 0.019 |
MCP-1 | 15000 | 6381.3 | 1.6 | 9816 | 2.4 | 0.015 |
MCP-3 | 3065 | 2003 | 3242 | 860 | 1.5 | 0.004 |
MDC | 2216 | 499.1 | 969.8 | 1415 | 4.4 | <0.001 |
Gro | 2725 | 2094 | 1646 | 936 | 1.3 | 0.11 |
RANTES | 1093 | 330 | 1543 | 611 | 3.3 | 0.012 |
Eotaxin | 33.5 | 46.1 | 33.4 | 29 | 0.7 | 0.001 |
Fractalkine | 253.5 | 353.9 | 222.3 | 272 | 0.7 | 0.032 |
IL-8 | 14998 | 14549 | 8287 | 15892 | 1.0 | <0.001 |
Growth factors | ||||||
GCS-F | 19.5 | 31 | 90.9 | 13 | 0.6 | 0.99 |
GM-CSF | 717 | 117.5 | 127.6 | 376 | 6.1 | <0.001 |
IL-3 | 49 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 30.6 | <0.001 |
TGF-α | 4.5 | 1.6 | 4.1 | 1.6 | 2.8 | <0.001 |
FGF-2 | 111 | 21.1 | 35.6 | 99 | 5.3 | <0.001 |
Flt-3 L | 30.5 | 4.3 | 8 | 17 | 7.1 | <0.001 |
IL-7 | 84.5 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 89 | 52.8 | <0.001 |
EGF | 14.5 | 14.5 | 11.1 | 16 | 1.0 | 0.99 |
VEGF | 88.5 | 209.3 | 233.5 | 106 | 0.4 | <0.001 |
PDGF-AA | 506.5 | 179.2 | 112.4 | 108 | 2.8 | <0.001 |
PDGF-AB/BB | 381 | 305.2 | 801.5 | 106 | 1.2 | 0.92 |