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Table 3 Detection of H7N9 nucleic acid in environmental specimens from live poultry markets

From: Epidemiologic characterization of 30 confirmed cases of human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus in Hangzhou, China

Type of specimen

Case-related specimens

Non-case specimens

Tested N

H7N9+ N

+ rate (%)

Tested N

H7N9+ N

+ rate (%)

Feces

13

10

76.92

10

2

20.00

Anal swab

15

9

60.00

-

-

-

Throat swab

10

5

50.00

1

1

100.00

Drinking water

-

-

-

8

3

37.50

Waste water

13

5

38.46

6

2

33.33

Feather smear

16

11

68.75

5

2

40.00

Cage smear

7

5

71.43

17

5

29.41

Others

16

13

81.82

22

7

31.82

Total

90

58

64.44

69

22

31.88

  1. Note: −: no specimen of the type available; in the specimens collected from the live poultry markets, the positive rate for H7N9 nucleic acid was markedly higher in the case-related specimens than in the non-case ones with a statistically significant difference by Pearson χ2 test (χ2 = 16.563, p < 0.05).