Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the study population
COPD patients n = 15,403 (100%) | Reference individals 1 n = 15,403 (100%) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age distribution (years) | NA | ||
40-59 | 1,858 (12.1%) | 1,858 (12.1%) | |
60-79 | 9,346 (60.7%) | 9,346 (60.7%) | |
≥80 | 4,199 (27.3%) | 4,199 (27.3%) | |
Gender | NA | ||
Male | 8,265 (53.7%) | 8,265 (53.7%) | |
Socio-economic status | <0.01 | ||
Non-manual | 2,569 (16.7) | 3,684 (23.9) | |
Manual | 4,473 (29.0) | 4,002 (26.0) | |
Other | 1,646 (10.7) | 1,767 (11.5) | |
Outside workforce 2 | 6,715 (43.6) | 5,950 (38.6) | |
Co-morbidity 3 | |||
Diabetes mellitus | 966 (6.3) | 557 (3.6) | <0.01 |
Kidney failure | 107 (0.7) | 42 (0.3) | <0.01 |
Cardiac disease | 3,775 (24.5) | 1,993 (12.9) | <0.01 |
Alcohol-related disease | 573 (3.7) | 159 (1.0) | <0.01 |
Liver failure | 96 (0.6) | 59 (0.4) | <0.01 |
Connective tissue disease | 428 (2.8) | 210 (1.4) | <0.01 |
Immunodeficiency | 57 (0.4) | 23 (0.2) | <0.01 |
HIV | 8 (0.05) | 2 (0.01) | 0.06 |
Solid cancer | 1,322 (8.6) | 759 (4.9) | <0.01 |
Hematological cancer | 110 (0.7) | 42 (0.3) | <0.01 |
Total days in hospital (mean/median) | 37.7 / 12 | 22.5 / 3 | <0.01 |
No. of discharges, all diagnoses | 4.4 / 2 | 2.2 / 1 | <0.01 |