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Table 2 Patient characteristics and risk factor analysis for community-onset bloodstream infection caused by a MDR organism

From: Community-onset bloodstream infection with multidrug-resistant organisms: a matched case-control study

Risk factors

Cases

Controls

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

 

(n = 180)

(n = 180)

OR (95% CI)

P value

AOR (95% CI)

P value

Age, mean (SD), years

64.1 (19.4)

65.0 (20.4)

1.00 (0.99-1.01)

0.7

  

Female, no (%)

69 (38.3)

74 (41.1)

0.94 (0.75-1.18)

0.59

  

Source of BSI, low riskb, no (%)

94 (52.2)

83 (46.1)

1.32 (0.85-2.03)

0.22

  

Invasive device in-situ, no (%)

55 (30.6)

21 (11.7)

3.62 (1.96-6.68)

<0.001a

  

  Indwelling catheter

25 (13.9)

8 (4.4)

3.43 (1.48-7.96)

<0.01

  

  Vascular catheter

27 (15.0)

12 (6.7)

2.67 (1.24-5.74)

0.01

  

  Percutaneous feeding tube

7 (3.9)

1 (0.6)

7.00 (0.86-56.89)

0.07

  

Friedman et al. HCA risk factors, no (%)

148 (82.2)

72 (40.0)

6.81 (3.81-12.19)

<0.001

  

  Prior hospitalisation (≥2d) last 90d

113 (62.8)

44 (24.4)

4.62 (2.81-7.58)

<0.001a

  

  Residence in long-term care facilities

51 (28.3)

23 (12.8)

2.79 (1.57-4.94)

<0.001a

4.94 (2.11-11.59)

<0.001

  Home intravenous therapy last 30d

27 (15.0)

9 (5.0)

2.89 (1.35-6.17)

0.006a

  

  Home wound care last 30d

35 (19.4)

5 (2.8)

6.96 (2.72-17.80)

<0.001a

5.48 (1.61-18.69)

<0.01

  Haemodialysis last 30d

5 (2.8)

12 (6.7)

0.42 (0.15-1.18)

0.100

  

  Intravenous chemotherapy last 30d

32 (17.8)

15 (8.3)

2.31 (1.20-4.42)

0.012a

  

Underlying immunosuppression, no (%)

77 (42.8)

35 (19.4)

3.73 (2.11-6.60)

<0.001a

3.49 (1.58-7.71)

<0.01

  Neutropenia

23 (12.8)

11 (6.1)

2.20 (1.04-4.65)

0.04

  

  Active or metastatic cancer

45 (25.0)

25 (13.9)

2.11 (1.21-3.70)

0.01

  

  Concurrent immunosuppressant agents

31 (17.2)

8 (4.4)

4.14 (1.82-9.46)

<0.01

  

Surgery last 30d, no (%)

38 (21.1)

9 (5.0)

6.60 (2.58-16.91)

<0.001a

3.52 (1.06-11.64)

0.04

Bacterial infection last 3mo, no (%)

99 (55.0)

34 (18.9)

5.32 (3.06-9.23)

<0.001c

  

Presence of BSI last 3mo, no (%)

36 (20.0)

7 (3.9)

6.80 (2.66-17.39)

<0.001a

  

Prior antibiotic exposure last 3mo, no (%)

127 (70.6)

39 (21.7)

7.73 (4.34-13.78)

<0.001a

5.49 (2.84-10.61)

<0.001

  Prolonged exposure >14d

78 (43.3)

27 (15.0)

4.38 (2.50-7.68)

<0.001

  

  Fluoroquinolone

43 (23.9)

9 (5.0)

5.86 (2.63-13.06)

<0.001

  

  Extended-spectrum cephalosporin

32 (17.8)

5 (2.8)

7.95 (2.80-22.55)

<0.001

  

  Penicillin + beta lactamase inhibitor

44 (24.4)

15 (8.3)

3.64 (1.87-7.09)

<0.001

  

  Vancomycin

27 (15.0)

10 (5.6)

2.78 (1.30-5.95)

0.01

  

Diabetic mellitus, no (%)

45 (25.0)

28 (15.6)

1.95 (1.12-3.39)

0.018a

  

Cardiovascular disease, no (%)

50 (27.8)

40 (22.2)

1.36 (0.85-2.16)

0.200

  

Cerebrovascular disease, no (%)

30 (16.7)

27 (15.0)

1.10 (0.63-1.94)

0.74

  

Lung disease, no (%)

47 (26.1)

32 (17.8)

1.66 (0.97-2.82)

0.062a

  

Renal disease, no (%)

25 (13.9)

28 (15.6)

0.89 (0.51-1.54)

0.68

  

Liver disease, no (%)

21 (11.7)

18 (10.0)

1.20 (0.61-2.38)

0.6

  

Malignancy, no (%)

71 (39.4)

48 (26.7)

1.71 (1.10-2.66)

0.018a

  

Charlson co-morbidity index, mean (SD)

3.4 (2.6)

2.0 (2.0)

1.24 (1.13-1.36)

<0.001a

  
  1. NOTE. OR, odds ratio; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; SD, standard deviation; BSI, bloodstream infections; HCA, healthcare-associated.
  2. aVariables eligible for inclusion in the multivariate analysis.
  3. bLow risk sites are BSI secondary to urinary, skin & soft tissue and catheter-related sites.
  4. cPairwise correlation >0.7 with prior antibiotic exposure last 3mo.
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BMC Infectious Diseases

ISSN: 1471-2334

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