From: Health care workers causing large nosocomial outbreaks: a systematic review
Risk factor | Risk factor present | Risk factor lacking | p-value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
# LO | # all NO | % | # LO | # all NO | % | ||
departments (n=150)* | |||||||
surgery | 32 | 76 | 42.1 | 44 | 74 | 59.1 | 0.036 |
neonatology | 24 | 41 | 58.5 | 52 | 109 | 47.7 | 0.274 |
gynecology | 14 | 20 | 70.0 | 62 | 130 | 47.7 | 0.091 |
pediatrics | 1 | 9 | 11.1 | 75 | 141 | 53.2 | 0.017 |
internal medicine | 1 | 2 | 50.0 | 75 | 148 | 50.7 | 1.000 |
other | 11 | 21 | 52.4 | 65 | 129 | 50.4 | 1.000 |
type of ward (n=150)* | |||||||
operating theatre | 26 | 63 | 41.3 | 50 | 87 | 57.5 | 0.068 |
peripheral ward | 33 | 59 | 55.9 | 43 | 91 | 47.3 | 0.320 |
intensive care unit | 17 | 28 | 60.7 | 59 | 122 | 48.4 | 0.296 |
outpatient clinic | 4 | 9 | 44.4 | 72 | 141 | 51.1 | 0.744 |
age groups (n=147)* | |||||||
neonates (≤ 1 m) | 24 | 39 | 61.5 | 52 | 108 | 48.1 | 0.191 |
infants (1 m - 1 y) | 3 | 6 | 50.0 | 73 | 141 | 51.8 | 1.000 |
children (> 1–12 y) | 4 | 14 | 28.6 | 72 | 133 | 54.1 | 0.092 |
adolescents (13–17 y) | 9 | 13 | 69.2 | 67 | 134 | 50.0 | 0.249 |
adults (18–69 y) | 49 | 93 | 52.7 | 27 | 54 | 50.0 | 0.864 |
seniors (≥ 70 y) | 13 | 26 | 50.0 | 63 | 121 | 52.1 | 1.000 |
microorganism (n=152) | |||||||
bacteria | 58 | 108 | 53.7 | 19 | 44 | 43.2 | 0.284 |
viruses | 14 | 34 | 41.2 | 63 | 118 | 53.4 | 0.245 |
fungi | 5 | 10 | 50.0 | 72 | 142 | 50.7 | 1.000 |
species (n=152) | |||||||
S. aureus | 26 | 49 | 53.1 | 51 | 103 | 49.5 | 0.730 |
hepatitis B virus | 9 | 27 | 33.3 | 68 | 125 | 54.4 | 0.057 |
S. pyogenes | 12 | 19 | 63.2 | 65 | 133 | 48.9 | 0.328 |
Candida spp. | 5 | 8 | 62.5 | 72 | 144 | 50.0 | 0.719 |
P. aeruginosa | 2 | 7 | 28.6 | 75 | 145 | 51.7 | 0.273 |
transmission (n=152) | |||||||
contact | 53 | 105 | 50.5 | 24 | 47 | 51.1 | 1.000 |
droplets | 8 | 17 | 47.1 | 69 | 135 | 51.1 | 0.801 |
airborne | 11 | 16 | 68.8 | 66 | 136 | 48.5 | 0.860 |
foodborne | 3 | 6 | 50.0 | 74 | 146 | 50.7 | 1.000 |
unknown | 3 | 13 | 23.1 | 74 | 139 | 53.2 | 0.045 |
HCW characteristics | |||||||
colonization only | 43 | 73 | 58.9 | 34 | 79 | 43.0 | 0.054 |
HWC infected | 31 | 70 | 44.3 | 46 | 82 | 56.1 | 0.193 |
blood borne infection | 9 | 27 | 33.3 | 68 | 125 | 54.4 | 0.057 |
aware of carrier status | 3 | 14 | 21.4 | 62 | 118 | 52.5 | 0.045 |
proper HH compliance | 12 | 21 | 57.1 | 9 | 16 | 56.3 | 1.000 |
work experience > 5 y | 9 | 18 | 50.0 | 8 | 12 | 66.7 | 0.536 |