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Table 2 Clinical characteristics and predictors of serological failure among 560 HIV-infected patients with early syphilis

From: Predictors of serological failure after treatment in HIV-infected patients with early syphilis in the emerging Era of universal antiretroviral therapy use

Characteristic

Patients with serological failure (n = 51)

Patients with serological cure (n = 509)

Odds ratio (95% CI)

Age, years

   

 <40

24 (8.8)

250 (91.2)

0.89 (.46-1.79)

 ≥40

27 (9.4)

259 (90.6)

1

Race

   

 Hispanic

22 (8.8)

227 (91.2)

1

 White

17 (7.9)

197 (92.1)

0.89 (.46-1.73)

 Black

11 (17.7)

51 (82.3)

2.23 (1.02-4.88)

 Other/Unknown

1 (2.9)

34 (97.1)

0.30 (.04-2.33)

Methamphetamine use

19 (9.9)

172 (90.1)

1.16 (.64-2.11)

Hepatitis B or C

11 (9.6)

104 (90.4)

1.07 (.53-.16)

Syphilis history

40 (13.8)

249 (86.2)

3.80 (1.91-7.56)

Other

   

STDa

39 (9.3)

380 (90.7)

1.10 (.56- 2.17)

RPR titer

   

 <1:32

23 (17.0)

112 (83.0)

2.91 (1.61-5.25)

 ≥1:32

28 (6.6)

397 (93.4)

1

ART

44 (9.1)

442 (90.9)

0.95 (.41- 2.20)

CD4 T-cell count

   

 <350 cells/mL

23 (16.0)

121 (84.0)

2.63 (1.46-4.74)

 ≥350 cells/mL

28 (6.7)

388 (93.3)

1

HIV RNA

   

 Undetectableb

33 (8.2)

369 (91.8)

1

 Detectable

18 (11.4)

140 (88.6)

1.44 (.78-2.64)

Early syphilis stage

   

 Primary

9 (11.7)

68 (88.3)

1

 Secondary

10 (6.8)

136 (93.2)

0.56 (.22-1.43)

 Early latent

32 (9.5)

305 (90.5)

0.79 (.36-1.74)

Treatment regimen

   

 3 doses of benzathine penicillin

43 (9.9)

391 (90.1)

1

 1 dose of benzathine penicillin

2 (4.3)

45 (95.7)

0.40 (.10-1.73)

 Doxycycline

6 (7.7)

72 (92.3)

0.76 (.31-1.85)

 Azithromycin

0 (0)

1 (100)

NA

  1. Data are no. (%) patients. OR, Odds Ratio; CI, confidence interval; RPR, rapid plasma regain test; STD, sexually transmitted disease; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; DM, diabetes mellitus; ART, antiretroviral therapy.
  2. aOther STD include documented Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, herpes, and genital warts.
  3. bDefined as <400 copies/mL.