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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of 657 ART-exposed active PWID in Vancouver, Canada stratified by plasma HIV-1 RNA viral load (VL) non-suppression, 1996 – 2012

From: Incarceration is associated with used syringe lending among active injection drug users with detectable plasma HIV-1 RNA: a longitudinal analysis

Characteristic

VL suppressed

VL non-suppressed

Odds ratio

95% CI2

p-value

153 (23.3)

504 (76.7)

n (%)

n (%)

Incarceration3

     

 No

227 (87.3)

312 (78.6)

1.00

  

 Yes

33 (12.7)

85 (21.4)

1.87

1.21, 2.90

0.005

Age

     

 Median (IQR)

45.3 (39.5 – 50.7)

37.9 (33.1 – 43.9)

0.98

0.98, 0.98

< 0.001

Gender

     

 Male

191 (73.5)

238 (60.0)

1.00

  

 Female

69 (26.5)

159 (40.0)

1.85

1.32, 2.60

< 0.001

Aboriginal ancestry

     

 No

172 (66.2)

240 (60.5)

1.00

  

 Yes

88 (33.8)

157 (39.5)

1.28

0.92, 1.77

0.161

Heroin injection

     

 < Daily

230 (88.5)

293 (73.8)

1.00

  

 ≥ Daily

30 (11.5)

104 (26.2)

2.72

1.75, 4.23

< 0.001

Cocaine injection

     

 < Daily

227 (87.3)

289 (72.8)

1.00

  

 ≥ Daily

33 (12.7)

108 (27.2)

2.57

1.68, 3.94

< 0.001

Crack cocaine use

     

 < Daily

164 (63.1)

291 (73.3)

1.00

  

 ≥ Daily

96 (36.9)

106 (26.7)

0.62

0.44, 0.87

0.007

Education

     

 < High school diploma

136 (52.3)

252 (63.5)

1.00

  

 ≥ High school diploma

124 (47.7)

145 (36.5)

0.63

0.46, 0.87

0.005

Homeless

     

 No

243 (93.5)

352 (88.7)

1.00

  

 Yes

17 (6.5)

45 (11.3)

1.83

1.02, 3.27

0.041

Sex work3

     

 No

235 (90.4)

328 (82.6)

1.00

  

 Yes

25 (9.6)

69 (17.4)

1.98

1.21, 3.22

0.006

HIV MD experience

     

 ≥ 6 patients

223 (85.8)

320 (80.6)

1.00

  

 < 6 patients

37 (14.2)

77 (19.4)

1.45

0.95, 2.22

0.093

PI in first ART regimen

     

 No

160 (61.5)

238 (59.9)

1.00

  

 Yes

100 (38.5)

150 (40.1)

1.07

0.78, 1.47

0.744

CD4+ cells (per 100/mm3)

     

 Median (IQR)

3.6 (2.4 – 4.9)

2.6 (1.5 – 4.0)

0.95

0.94, 0.97

< 0.001

ART adherence

     

 ≤ 95%

102 (39.2)

377 (95.0)

1.00

  

 > 95%

158 (60.8)

20 (5.0)

0.03

0.02, 0.06

< 0.001

  1. 295% Confidence Interval (95% CI).
  2. 3Refers to 180 day period prior to baseline interview.