Table 3 Complications, treatment and outcome of IE episodes
From: Profile of infective endocarditis observed from 2003 - 2010 in a single center in Italy
No. (%) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristic | TOTAL | Native valve | Prosthetic valve | p | |
(189 cases) | (118 cases) | (71 cases) | |||
Complications | |||||
Embolizations* | 83 (44%) | 56 (47%) | 27 (38%) | 0.4 | |
Heart failure | 49 (26%) | 32 (27%) | 17 (24%) | 0.6 | |
Arrhythmias | 40 (21%) | 28 (24%) | 12 (17%) | 0.3 | |
Intracardiac abscess | 15 (9%) | 6 (5%) | 9 (15%) | 0.04 | |
Renal failure | 12 (6%) | 6 (5%) | 6 (8%) | 0.4 | |
Septic shock | 8 (4%) | 2 (2%) | 6 (8%) | 0.05 | |
Medical treatment | |||||
Monotherapy | 18 (10%) | 13 (11%) | 5 (7%) | 0.02 | |
Dual therapy | 115 (62%) | 78 (68%) | 37 (53%) | ||
≥three drug therapy | 52 (28%) | 24 (21%) | 28 (40%) | ||
Surgical treatment | |||||
Medical and surgical | 99 (52%) | 65 (55%) | 34 (47%) | 0.3 | |
Multiple valve procedures | 24 (24%) | 18 (15%) | 6 (8%) | 0.2 | |
Surgical treatment timing | |||||
Emergency (≤48 h) | 4 (4%) | 3 (5%) | 1 (3%) | 0.4 | |
Urgent (>48 h and ≤7 days) | 12 (12%) | 9 (14%) | 3 (9%) | ||
Elective (> 7 days) | 83 (84%) | 53 (81%) | 30 (88%) | ||
In-hospital mortality | 32 (17%) | 16 (14%) | 16 (23%) | 0.1 | |
Pre-operative | 20 (63%) | 11 (69%) | 9 (56%) | 0.8 | |
Intra-operative | 2 (6%) | 1 (6%) | 1 (6%) | ||
Post-operative | 10 (31%) | 4 (25%) | 6 (38%) | ||