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Table 2 Results population-based studies reporting prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis for both men and women

From: Chlamydia prevalence in the general population: is there a sex difference? a systematic review

Authors (publication year) [Reference]

Overall

Men

Women

Prevalence difference by sex (p or OR)

Calculated risk difference by sex (M-F)

95% CI

% (95% CI)

% (95% CI)

% (95% CI)

Valkengoed (2000)[31]

NS

2.4 (1.7-3.0)

2.8 (2.2-3.4)

NS

−0.4

−1.31 ; 0.51

Fenton (2001)[32]

NS

2.2 (1.5-3.2)

1.5 (1.1-2.1)

NS

0.7

−0.21 ; 1.62

Obasi (2001)[33]

1.8 (NS)

1.0 (0.8-1.4)

2.4 (2.3-2.9)

OR 2.4 (NS)

−1.4

−1.92 ; -0.88†

Turner(2002)[34]

3.0 (SE 0.8)

1.6 (NS)

4.3 (NS)

NS

−2.7

−5.38 ; -0.02†

Miller (2004)[35]

4.2 (3.5-4.9)

3.7 (2.9-4.6)

4.7 (3.9-5.7)

OR 1.3(1.0-1.6)

−1.0

−1.66 ; -0.34†

Joyee (2004)[36]

1.1 (0.5-1.7)

1.2 (0.4-2.0)

1.1 (0.5-1.7)

P > 0.05

0.1

−1.02 ; 1.22

Latif (2004)[37]

9.6 (NS)

9.0 (NS)

10.0 (NS)

NS

−1.0

−4.02 ; 2.02

Klavs (2004)[29]

NS

3.0 (1.9-4.6)

1.6 (1.0-2.7)

NS

1.4

−0.33 ; 3.13

Bergen (2005)[38]

2.0 (1.7-2.3)

1.5 (1.1-1.9)

2.5 (2.0-3.0)

P < 0.001

−1.0

−1.60 ; -0.39†

Götz (2005)[39]

2.4 (2.1-2.8)

2.0 (1.4-2.7)

2.6 (2.2-3.2)

OR 1.4; P = 0.08

−0.6

−1.38 ; 0.18

Macleod (2005)[40]

3.0 (2.3-3.9)

2.8 (2.2-3.4)

3.6 (3.1-4.9)

NS

−0.8

−1.81 ; 0.21

Low (2007)[19]

NS

5.3 (4.4-6.3)

6.2 (4.9-7.8)

NS

−0.9

−2.51 ; 0.71

Deblina Datta (2007)[41]

2.2 (1.8-2.8)

2.0 (1.6-2.5)

2.5 (1.8-3.4)

NS

−0.5

−1.21 ; 0.21

Stein (2008)[42]

NS

3.9 (3.1-4.8)

5.1 (4.2-6.0)

NS

−1.2

−1.98 ; -0.43†

Adams (2008)[43]

11.3 (8.4-14.2)

12.1 (7.7-16.5)

10.6 (6.7-14.5)

P = 0.643

1.5

−4.75 ; 7.75

Uusküla (2008)[44]

5.4 (3.0-7.5)*

2.7 (0.3-5.0)*

6.9 (3.6-10.3)*

NS

−4.2

−7.64 ; -0.76†

Beydoun (2010)[45]

1.6 (1.3-1.9)

1.7 (NS)

1.6 (NS)

P = 0.8

0.1

−0.57 ; 0.77

Imai (2010)[46]

NS

6.7 (NS)

9.5 (NS)

NS

−2.8

−4.12 ; -1.48†

Goulet (2010)[47]

NS

1.4 (0.8-2.6)

1.6 (1.0-2.5)

NS

−0.2

−1.14 ; 0.74

Parish (2011)[48]

NS

2.1 (1.3-3.3)*

2.6 (1.6-4.1)*

NS

−0.5

−1.72 ; 0.72

Desai (2011)[28]

0.9 (0.5-1.3)

0.1 (0.0-0.3)

1.8 (0.9-2.6)

P < 0.001

−1.7

−2.61 ; -0.79†

Bozicevic (2011)[49]

6.2 (3.3-9.1)

7.3 (NS)

5.3 (NS)

P = 0.491

2.0

−3.82 ; 7.82

Eggleston (2011)[50]

3.9 (2.8-5.0)

4.5 (2.4-6.5)

3.4 (2.2-4.6)

OR 0.6; P = 0.16

1.1

−0.64 ; 2.84

Gravningen (2012)[51]

4.1 (3.3-5.3)

3.9 (2.3-6.0)

7.3 (5.3-9.7)

NS

−3.4

−6.17 ; -0.63†

Klovstad (2012)[52]

5.5 (4.5-6.8)

5.1 (3.8-6.8)

5.8 (4.5-6.8)

NS

−0.7

−3.01 ; 1.61

  1. *: Prevalences after weighting for the population distribution.
  2. †: statistically significant difference.
  3. NS: Data not stated.
  4. CI: 95% confidence interval.
  5. SE: Standard error.