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Table 4 Univariate analysis: Hazard ratios for deaths and discharge (dead or alive) in patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa BSI

From: Effect of metallo-β-lactamase production and multidrug resistance on clinical outcomes in patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosabloodstream infection: a retrospective cohort study

Exposure

Hazard ratio for deaths (95% CI)

P-value

Hazard ratio for discharge–time adjusted (95% CI)

P-value

Hazard ratio for discharge–time adjusted (95% CI) only survivors (n = 70)

P-value

Basic parameter

Male sex

1.02 (0.55-1.88)

0.95

1.14 (0.77-1.68)

0.5

1.28 (0.77-2.12)

0.32

Age, years

1.0073 (0.9889-1.0261)*

0.43

1.0164 (1.0039-1.0291)*

0.007

1.0155 (0.9938-1.033)*

0.07

Nosocomial infection

2.14 (1.05-4.27)

0.03

0.67 (0.42-1.07)

0.1

0.52 (0.28-0.97)

0.04

Origin of bacteremia

Unknown (primary BSI)

1.07 (0.57-2)

0.83

1.85 (1.24-2.75)

0.003

2.22 (1.32-3.73)

0.003

Secondary BSI

1.25 (0.67-2.31)

0.47

0.79 (0.53-1.16)

0.24

0.76 (0.46-1.25)

0.29

VC BSI

0.22 (0.03-1.66)

0.06

0.39 (0.18-0.85)

0.008

0.37 (0.15-0.89)

0.01

Comorbid conditions

Immune suppression

2.31 (0.71-7.55)

0.12

0.54 (0.31-0.94)

0.04

0.5 (0.26-0.96)

0.04

Haematological cancer

1.23 (0.67-2.28)

0.5

0.61 (0.39-0.93)

0.02

0.5 (0.27-0.91)

0.02

Chemotherapy

0.83 (0.45-1.56)

0.58

0.62 (0.41-0.94)

0.02

0.6 (0.35-1.03)

0.06

Cardiovascular disease

0.65 (0.36-1.2)

0.18

0.77 (0.52-1.14)

0.2

0.83 (0.49-1.38)

0.48

Diabetes

1.43 (0.77-2.65)

0.25

0.78 (0.51-1.19)

0.25

0.55 (0.31-0.99)

0.04

Charlson Comorbidity Score

0.96 (0.83-1.11)*

0.66

1 (0.92-1.1)*

0.83

1.01 (0.9-1.13)*

0.77

Patients clinical record

SAPS II

1.0375 (1.0184-1.057)*

<0.001

0.9961 (0.9828-1.0097)*

0.58

0.974 (0.9557-0.9926)*

0.005

Neutropenia

1.41 (0.77-2.58)

0.27

0.62 (0.4-0.94)†

0.02

0.43 (0.23-0.79)

0.004

Chemotherapy

0.83 (0.45-1.56)

0.58

0.62 (0.41-0.94)

0.02

0.6 (0.35-1.03)

0.06

Steroids

1.82 (0.86-3.84)

0.1

0.46 (0.3-0.7)

<0.001

0.3 (0.17-0.54)

<0.001

Concomitant infections

1.22 (0.56-2.71)

0.59

0.27 (0.16-0.44)

<0.001

0.23 (0.11-0.46)

<0.001

Recent surgery

0.65 (0.34-1.22)

0.18

0.54 (0.35-0.81)

0.003

0.47 (0.27-0.82)

0.007

AET

0.81 (0.44-1.5)

0.52

0.89 (0.59-1.34)

0.6

0.9 (0.53-1.51)

0.7

ADT

0.33 (0.16-0.68)

0.007

0.44 (0.25-0.77)

0.008

0.4 (0.17-0.92)

0.052

Pathogen exposure

MBL-PA

1.83 (0.92-3.64)

0.1

0.75 (0.44-1.27)

0.27

0.49 (0.21-1.17)

0.08

3/4MDR-PA

1.98 (1.07-3.67)

0.03

0.76 (0.49-1.19)

0.23

0.55 (0.25-1.07)

0.06

MEM-resistant PA

1.98 (1.08-3.62)

0.03

0.85 (0.55-1.3)

0.45

0.64 (0.33-1.23)

0.17

CAZ-resistant PA

1.88 (0.99-3.57)

0.06

0.72 (0.45-1.16)

0.17

0.53 (0.25-1.15)

0.09

CIP-resistant PA

1.27 (0.69-2.34)

0.43

0.93 (0.62-1.39)

0.73

0.78 (0.45-1.34)

0.38

TZP-resistant PA

1.41 (0.76-2.61)

0.28

0.78 (0.52-1.19)

0.26

0.68 (0.37-1.23)

0.2

  1. †Proportional hazard assumption not fulfilled for this parameter.
  2. *Per 1 unit increase.
  3. 95% CI, 95% Confidence interval; BSI, blood stream infection; VC BSI, vascular catheter-related blood stream infection; SAPS II, Simplified Acute Physiology Score; AET, appropriate empirical treatment; ADT, appropriate definitive treatment; MBL-PA, metallo-β-lactamase producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa; 3/4MDR-PA, 3/4MDR-Pseudomonas aeruginosa; PA, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; MEM, Meropenem; CAZ, Ceftazidime; CIP, Ciprofloxacin; TZP, Piperacillin-tazobactam.
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BMC Infectious Diseases

ISSN: 1471-2334

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