From: Cardiopulmonary involvement in Puumala hantavirus infection
 | Healthy controls | Acute phase | Follow-up |
---|---|---|---|
Number of patients | 25 | 26a | 21 |
Days post onset of disease | - | 7 (6–9) | 94 (89–114) |
Age (years) | 56 (48–65) | 57 (47–65) | 54 (45–64) |
Females/Males | 17 / 8 | 18 / 8 | 13 / 8 |
Heart rate (beats/min) | 59 (52–67) | 80 (60–91)** | 70 (61–83) |
Left heart function | Â | Â | Â |
Left atrium diameter (mm) | 35 (32–39) | 35 (30–40) | 36 (31–39) |
Interventricular septum diastole (mm) | 9 (8–11) | 9 (8–11) | 9 (8–10) |
Left ventricular diameter diastole (mm) | 49 (46–53) | 49 (44–51) | 47 (45–50) |
Left ventricular diameter systole (mm) | 30 (25–31) | 31 (28–35)* | 29 (28–31) |
Posterior wall diastole (mm) | 8 (7–9) | 7 (7–8)* | 7 (7–8) |
Left ventricle ejection fraction (%) | 0.70 (0.62-0.74) | 0.60 (0.55-0.70)** | 0.63 (0.59-0.66) |
Left ventricle stroke volume (mL) | 74 (61–86) | 62 (53–80) | 76 (69–85)‡ |
Cardiac output (L/min) | 4.2 (3.6-5.0) | 4.8 (4.0-5.7) | 5.5 (4.4-6.4) |
Mitral flow deceleration time (ms) | 185 (148–225) | 160 (136–188) | 161 (124–209) |
Mitral flow E/A | 1.0 (0.8-1.3) | 1.2 (1.0-1.6) | 1.1 (0.8-1.4) |
Pulmonary venous flow S/D | 1.3 (1.0-1.5) | 1.2 (1.0-1.9) | 1.4 (1.2-2.0) |
Left ventricle IVRT (%) | 8.3 (6.6-9.8) | 9.9 (8.9-11.9)* | 10.0 (8.7-11.8) |
Right heart function | Â | Â | Â |
Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (mmHg) | 26 (23–31) | 36 (31–46)** | 29 (27–36) |
Pulmonary vascular resistance (WU) | 1.7 (1.4-2.7) | 2.9 (2.1-3.5)* | 1.8 (1.6-3.1) |
Pulmonary artery acceleration time (ms) | 137 (129–145) | 116 (90–142)* | 124 (110–133) |
Right ventricle IVRT (%) | 4.8 (2.5-7.6) | 7.3 (4.0-9.0) | 5.0 (3.3-8.8) |
TAPSE (mm) | 23 (21–27) | 24 (20–27) | 22 (20–29) |
Left ventricular strain rate | Â | Â | Â |
Ventricular systole (1/s) | 0.87 (0.76-0.96) | 0.94 (0.77-1.10) | 0.92 (0.75-1.13) |
Early diastole (1/s) | 0.98 (0.87-1.16) | 1.00 (0.60-1.51) | 0.89 (0.69-1.25) |
Late atrial diastole (1/s) | 0.90 (0.84-1.05) | 0.70 (0.52-0.86)** | 0.91 (0.60-1.12)‡‡ |
Left atrial strain rate | Â | Â | Â |
Ventricular systole (1/s) | 1.41 (1.06-1.69) | 1.28 (0.93-1.69) | 1.69 (1.37-1.99) |
Early diastole (1/s) | 1.40 (1.16-1.86) | 1.24 (0.76-1.94) | 1.71 (0.94-2.14) |
Late atrial diastole (1/s) | 1.70 (1.25-1.97) | 1.34 (0.91-1.57)** | 1.72 (1.26-2.13)‡ |