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Table 2 Multivariable regression models to estimate association of HIV indicator disease and late presentation

From: The potential impact of routine testing of individuals with HIV indicator diseases in order to prevent late HIV diagnosis

Variable

Late presenters/Total (%)

MLOR (95%CI)

Model 1a

Model 2b

Model 3c

Age (per year old)

 

1.05 (1.04-1.07)

1.05 (1.04-1.07)

1.05 (1.04-1.06)

Gender

    

 Male

676/1360 (49.7%)

1

1

1

 Female

214/375 (57%)

0.9 (0.7-1.2)

0.9 (0.6-1.2)

0.9 (0.7-1.2)

Area of birth

    

 Italy

617/1235 (50%)

1

1

1

 Not Italy

273/500 (54.6%)

1.5 (1.2-1.9)

1.5 (1.2-1.9)

1.5 (1.2-1.9)

HIV exposure category

    

 Heterosexual

428/695 (61.6%)

1

1

1

 MSM

337/835 (40.3)

0.5 (0.4-0.7)

0.5 (0.4-0.7)

0.6 (0.4-0.7)

 IDU

70/136 (51.5%)

0.8 (0.5-1.2)

0.8 (0.5-1.2)

0.8 (0.5-1.1)

 Other/unreported

55/69 (79.7%)

1.2 (0.7-2.1)

1.1 (0.6-2.1)

1.2 (0.7-2.1)

Indicator Disease (ID)

    

 No

678/1231 (55.1%)

1

-

-

 Yes

212/504 (42.1%)

0.7 (0.5-0.8)

-

-

ID § and HIV test

    

 No ID

678/1231(55%)

-

1

-

 ID tested for HIV

129/358 (36%)

-

0.5 (0.4-0.7)

-

 ID not tested for HIV

71/123 (57.7%)

-

1.2 (0.8-1.8)

-

 Missing data

12/23 (52.2%)

-

0.8 (0.3-1.9)

-

Type of ID §

    

 No ID

678/1231(55%)

-

-

1

 STI*

95/302 (31.5%)

-

-

0.5 (0.4-0.6)

 Hepatitis

82/161 (50.3%)

-

-

0.8 (0.6-1.2)

 Seb. dermatitis or TB**

35/41 (85%)

-

-

4.3 (1.7-10.6)

  1. statistically significant MLOR are shown in bold.
  2. § ID Indicator Diseases.
  3. * STI: sexually transmitted infections.
  4. ** TB: Tuberculosis.
  5. a: association of HIV indicator disease and late presentation adjusted for age, gender, area of birth, HIV exposure category and indicator disease.
  6. b: association of HIV indicator disease and late presentation adjusted for age, gender, area of birth, HIV exposure category and HIV testing after an HIV indicator disease.
  7. c: association of HIV indicator disease and late presentation adjusted for age, gender, area of birth, HIV exposure category and type of indicator disease.