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Table 4 Results from multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models to identify independent associations between factors at the time of diagnosis of NADC and subsequent all-cause mortality and cancer-specific mortality for any NADC, and lung cancer, anal cancer and Hodgkin’s lymphoma separately

From: Non-AIDS defining cancers in the D:A:D Study - time trends and predictors of survival: a cohort study

  

All-cause mortality

Cancer-specific mortality

RH [95% CI]

p-value

RH [95% CI]

p-value

Any NADC

     

Gender

Male

1.69 [1.21, 2.36]

0.002

1.59 [1.11, 2.26]

0.01

 

Female

Ref.

-

Ref.

-

Mode of infection

Heterosexual

Ref.

-

Ref.

-

 

MSM

0.84 [0.63, 1.11]

0.22

0.84 [0.62, 1.13]

0.24

 

IDU

1.35 [0.98, 1.87]

0.07

1.23 [0.87, 1.74]

0.24

 

Other/unknown

0.78 [0.48, 1.26]

0.30

0.72 [0.42, 1.22]

0.22

Ethnic group

White

Ref.

-

Ref.

-

 

Non-white/other/not collected

1.25 [0.99, 1.56]

0.06

1.18 [0.93, 1.49]

0.19

Smoking status

Current smoker

1.33 [0.88, 1.99]

0.17

1.43 [0.92, 2.23]

0.11

 

Ex-smoker

1.79 [1.18, 2.70]

0.006

1.88 [1.20, 2.94]

0.006

 

Non-smoker

Ref.

-

Ref.

-

 

Unknown

1.60 [0.99, 2.59]

0.05

1.69 [1.01, 2.83]

0.05

HBV status

Positive

1.42 [0.96, 2.12]

0.08

1.38 [0.90, 2.12]

0.14

 

Negative

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

Year of diagnosis

/later year

0.93 [0.86, 0.99]

0.04

0.91 [0.84, 0.98]

0.01

CD4 count at diagnosis

/50 cells/mm3 higher

0.95 [0.93, 0.98]

0.0001

0.96 [0.94, 0.98]

0.0007

Type of NADC

Lung cancer

2.28 [1.75, 2.98]

0.0001

2.43 [1.84, 3.21]

0.0001

 

Anal cancer

0.58 [0.36, 0.92]

0.02

0.55 [0.33, 0.92]

0.02

 

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

0.49 [0.32, 0.75]

0.001

0.36 [0.21, 0.60]

0.001

 

Other

Ref.

-

Ref.

-

Lung cancer

     

HCV status

Positive

1.88 [0.97, 3.66]

0.06

2.02 [1.04, 3.95]

0.04

 

Negative

Ref.

-

Ref.

-

Stage of disease

Disseminated

5.22 [1.85, 14.76]

0.002

4.84 [1.71, 13.74]

0.003

 

Localised

Ref.

-

Ref.

-

 

Unknown

5.95 [2.12, 16.74]

0.0007

5.69 [2.02, 16.06]

0.001

Anal cancer

     

HCV status

Positive

4.97 [1.55, 15.89]

0.007

4.16 [1.18, 14.67]

0.03

 

Negative

Ref.

-

Ref.

-

Previous NADC

 

12.00 [2.98, 48.32]

0.0005

10.17 [1.96, 52.73]

0.006

Stage of disease

Disseminated

2.49 [0.73, 8.54]

0.15

2.29 [0.65, 8.10]

0.20

 

Localised

Ref.

-

Ref.

-

 

Unknown

3.24 [0.94, 11.18]

0.06

2.43 [0.66, 8.95]

0.18

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

     

HBV status

Positive

4.15 [1.16, 14.90]

0.03

3.32 [0.68, 16.21]

0.14

 

Negative

Ref.

-

Ref.

-

CD4 count at diagnosis

/50 cells/mm3 higher

0.86 [0.74, 1.01]

0.06

0.80 [0.64, 0.99]

0.04

Haemoglobin at diagnosis

/g/L higher

0.72 [0.55, 0.94]

0.02

0.82 [0.59, 1.14]

0.24