From: Spontaneous gram-negative bacillary meningitis in adult patients: characteristics and outcome
Characteristics | Hospital-acquired (n = 9) | Community-acquired (n = 31) | P value |
---|---|---|---|
Male sex | 3/9 (33.3) | 20/31 (64.5) | 0.134 |
Age – years, median (IQR) | 61 (23) | 65 (18) | 0.486 |
Comorbid conditions | 7/9 (77.8) | 22/31 (71.0) | 1.000 |
Charlson comorbidity index ≥ 3 | 1/9 (11.1) | 9/30 (30.0) | 0.400 |
Distant focus of infection | 4/9 (44.4) | 27/31 (87.1) | 0.016 |
• Urinary tract infection | 2/9 (22.2) | 11/31 (35.5) | 0.690 |
• Otitis or sinusitis | 0/9 (0.0) | 4/31 (12.9) | 0.557 |
• Pneumonia | 1/9 (11.1) | 1/31 (3.2) | 0.404 |
Microbiology | |||
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 5/9 (55.6) | 5/31 (16.1) | 0.049 |
• Escherichia coli | 2/9 (22.2) | 13/31 (41.9) | 0.494 |
Symptoms on presentation | |||
• Triad of fever, neck stiffness, and change in mental status | 1/9 (11.1) | 15/31 (48.4) | 0.061 |
• Focal neurological deficits | 3/9 (33.3) | 9/31 (29.0) | 1.000 |
• Seizures | 3/9 (33.3) | 2/31 (6.5) | 0.065 |
• Systolic blood pressure – mm Hg (SD) | 110 (58) | 127 (30) | 0.292 |
• Diastolic blood pressure – mm Hg (SD) | 60 (38) | 80 (19) | 0.016 |
CSF examination | |||
• White-cell count, median (IQR) | 2456 (4472) | 1601 (2646) | 0.689 |
○ < 100/mm3 | 3/9 (33.3) | 0/30 (0.0) | 0.009 |
○ 100–999/mm3 | 1/9 (11.1) | 8/30 (26.7) | 0.654 |
○ > 999/mm3 | 5/9 (55.6) | 22/30 (73.3) | 0.416 |
• Protein – g/liter, median (IQR) | 4.66 (7.42) | 3.70 (3.67) | 0.567 |
• CSF: blood glucose ratio, median (IQR) | 0.10 (0.51) | 0.13 (0.22) | 0.731 |
Positive blood culture | 7/9 (77.8) | 20/31 (64.5) | 0.690 |
Neurological complications | 6/9 (66.7) | 14/31 (45.2) | 0.451 |
Systemic complications | 7/9 (77.8) | 17/31 (55.8) | 0.272 |
Outcome | |||
• In-hospital mortality | 6/9 (66.7) | 15/31 (48.4) | 0.457 |