The association of high-sensitivity c-reactive protein and other biomarkers with cardiovascular disease in patients treated for HIV: a nested case–control study

De Luca, Andrea; de Gaetano Donati, Katleen; Colafigli, Manuela; Cozzi-Lepri, Alessandro; De Curtis, Amalia; Gori, Andrea; Sighinolfi, Laura; Giacometti, Andrea; Capobianchi, Maria Rosaria; D’Avino, Alessandro; Iacoviello, Licia; Cauda, Roberto; D’Arminio Monforte, Antonella

doi:10.1186/1471-2334-13-414

Table 3 Univariable and multivariable OR for CVD risk and biomarkers in early and late samples combined

From: The association of high-sensitivity c-reactive protein and other biomarkers with cardiovascular disease in patients treated for HIV: a nested case–control study

Biomarkers	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	Pvalue	Adjusted^*OR (95% CI)	Pvalue
	(a)Biomarkers as categorical variables
t-PA, ng/ml
<=8.7 (n=61)	1.00		1.00
8.7-14.8 (n=60)	3.87 (1.61, 9.31)	0.003	1.58 (0.33, 7.65)	0.571
>14.8 (n=62)	3.23 (1.35, 7.76)	0.009	0.66 (0.12, 3.75)	0.642
Not measured (n=16)	3.92 (1.42, 10.84)	0.008	0.81 (0.09, 7.07)	0.853
PAI-1, ng/ml
<=112 (n=63)	1.00		1.00
112-207 (n=61)	1.03 (0.45, 2.32)	0.950	1.94 (0.37, 10.33)	0.435
>207 (n=65)	1.87 (0.86, 4.04)	0.113	2.15 (0.48, 9.63)	0.318
Not measured (n=12)	1.70 (0.62, 4.64)	0.300	0.52 (0.04, 7.73)	0.637
D-dimer, ng/ml
<=67 (n=48)	1.00		1.00
67-125 (n=48)	0.71 (0.30, 1.72)	0.451	0.49 (0.10, 2.27)	0.360
>125 (n=49)	0.71 (0.30, 1.72)	0.450	1.03 (0.18, 5.80)	0.972
Not measured (n=31)	1.27 (0.58, 2.76)	0.552	1.01 (0.21, 4.84)	0.987
hsCRP, mg/L
< 0.9 (n=60)	1.00		1.00
0.9-3.3 (n=62)	1.90 (0.81, 4.46)	0.142	5.70 (1.00, 32.51)	0.050
>3.3 (n=61)	3.63 (1.59, 8.29)	0.002	8.00 (1.23, 51.94)	0.029
Not measured (n=17)	2.29 (0.84, 6.28)	0.107	0.94 (0.06, 15.95)	0.968
IL-6, pg/ml
< 0.3 (n=62)	1.00		1.00
0.3-1.9 (n=62)	1.89 (0.81, 4.41)	0.143	2.69 (0.54, 13.40)	0.227
>1.9 (n=64)	3.94 (1.74, 8.90)	<.001	6.91 (1.21, 39.49)	0.030
Not measured (n=13)	2.69 (0.94, 7.67)	0.065	0.92 (0.06, 14.95)	0.954
P-selectin, ng/ml
< 157 (n=62)	1.00		1.00
157-236 (n=62)	0.95 (0.42, 2.13)	0.898	1.45 (0.29, 7.30)	0.649
>236 (n=64)	1.95 (0.91, 4.17)	0.085	6.20 (1.07, 35.89)	0.042
Not measured (n=13)	1.57 (0.58, 4.26)	0.378	0.66 (0.04, 10.09)	0.766
	(b)Biomarkers as continuous variables (Log Scale)
t-PA, ng/ml
per log₂ higher	1.68 (1.09, 2.59)	0.019	1.15 (0.52, 2.56)	0.736
PAI-1, ng/ml
per log₂ higher	1.12 (0.84, 1.48)	0.449	1.20 (0.71, 2.04)	0.498
D-dimer, ng/ml
per log₂ higher	1.01 (0.79, 1.31)	0.911	0.89 (0.57, 1.38)	0.598
hsCRP, mg/l
per log₂ higher	1.37 (1.14, 1.66)	<.001	1.54 (1.03, 2.30)	0.036
IL-6, pg/ml
per log₂ higher	1.08 (0.90, 1.30)	0.408	1.22 (0.85, 1.74)	0.281
P-selectin, ng/ml
per log₂ higher	1.70 (1.05, 2.75)	0.032	3.35 (1.20, 9.38)	0.022

Conditional Logistic Regression Model; CI = confidence interval; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; hsCRP = high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; IL-6 = interleukin-6; IQR = interquartile range; NNRTI = nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NRTI = nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; OR = odds ratio; PAI-1 = plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; PI = protease inhibitor; t-PA = tissue plasminogen activator.
^*Adjusted for calendar year, duration of time between the date of samples and the analysis time, age, total cholesterol, HDL, CD4⁺ cell count and viral load, cumulative exposure to NRTI, NNRTI and PI prior to sample, and co-infection with hepatitis B or C.

Back to article page

ISSN: 1471-2334

Contact us

Submission enquiries: bmcinfectiousdiseases@biomedcentral.com
General enquiries: ORSupport@springernature.com

BMC Infectious Diseases

Contact us