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Table 3 Association of HIV/HCV group with individually elevated (>75th percentile) biomarkers

From: Human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C, and inflammatory biomarkers in individuals with alcohol problems: a cross-sectional study

Biomarker elevated

HIV/HCV group

Unadjusted OR (95% CI)

Adjusted ORa(95% CI)

Model B (N = 218)

Undetectable

1

1

Interleukin-10

HIV mono-detectable

4.74* (1.36, 16.48)

2.95 (0.74, 11.85)

HCV mono-detectable

5.39* (1.39, 20.84)

5.51* (1.17, 25.84)

HIV/HCV detectable

9.22* (2.69, 31.55)

7.79* (1.90, 31.97)

Model C (N = 218)

Undetectable

1

1

Tumor necrosis factor-α

HIV mono-detectable

4.50* (1.29, 15.70)

4.44 (0.86, 22.82)

HCV mono-detectable

4.15* (1.04, 16.47)

4.45 (0.68, 29.02)

HIV/HCV detectable

8.50* (2.48, 29.16)

7.70* (1.42, 41.83)

Model D (N = 196)

Undetectable

1

1

Interleukin-6

HIV mono-detectable

1.33 (0.49, 3.66)

0.57 (0.15, 2.16)

HCV mono-detectable

5.17* (1.79, 14.94)

2.99 (0.75, 11.98)

HIV/HCV detectable

3.33* (1.28, 8.70)

1.47 (0.40, 5.35)

Model E (N = 218)

Undetectable

1

1

Cystatin-C

HIV mono-detectable

1.50 (0.56, 4.01)

0.49 (0.12, 2.02)

HCV mono-detectable

2.22 (0.73, 6.73)

0.40 (0.07, 2.34)

HIV/HCV detectable

5.04* (1.98, 12.85)

1.60 (0.39, 6.57)

Model F (N = 218)

Undetectable

1

1

C-reactive protein

HIV mono-detectable

1.16 (0.54, 2.51)

0.99 (0.35, 2.84)

HCV mono-detectable

1.09 (0.42, 2.80)

1.41 (0.41, 4.90)

HIV/HCV detectable

0.86 (0.39, 1.90)

0.69 (0.22, 2.14)

Model G (N = 210)

Undetectable

1

1

Serum amyloid A

HIV mono-detectable

0.81 (0.36, 1.80)

0.58 (0.19, 1.79)

HCV mono-detectable

0.69 (0.25, 1.89)

0.38 (0.09, 1.66)

HIV/HCV detectable

1.01 (0.46, 2.22)

0.72 (0.22, 2.31)

Model H (N = 218)

Undetectable

1

1

Interferon-γ

HIV mono-detectable

1.40 (0.52, 3.78)

1.65 (0.46, 5.87)

HCV mono-detectable

1.68 (0.53, 5.28)

2.63 (0.59, 11.76)

HIV/HCV detectable

0.92 (0.32, 2.60)

1.03 (0.25, 4.30)

Model I (N = 218)

Undetectable

1

1

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1

HIV mono-detectable

1.67 (0.72, 3.84)

2.96 (0.80, 10.95)

HCV mono-detectable

1.38 (0.50, 3.79)

3.71 (0.83, 16.53)

HIV/HCV detectable

1.37 (0.59, 3.21)

3.48 (0.88, 13.69)

  1. aModels adjusted for age, gender, FIB-4 score, at-risk drinking, CD4 count, ART use, and self-reported comorbidity. See Additional file 1: Table S1 for odds ratios for covariates.
  2. *p-value < 0.05.