Table 4 Risk factors for disease in child contacts of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: source case and exposure characteristics (n = 102)
Variable | Â | Total | Disease | OR | p-value | Age-adjusted OR | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 102) | (row %) | (95% CI) | (95%CI) | ||||
(n = 15) | |||||||
Age of source case (n = 99) | 16–25 | 31 | 4 (12.9) | 1 | 0.81 |  |  |
26–35 | 40 | 5 (12.5) | 0.96 (0.24–3.94) | ||||
>35 | 28 | 5 (17.9) | 1.47 (0.35–6.12) | ||||
Gender of source case (n = 101) | Female | 62 | 11 (17.7) | 1 | 0.31 |  |  |
Male | 39 | 4 (10.3) | 0.53 (0.16–1.80) | ||||
Smoking status of source case (n = 101) | Non-smoker | 52 | 8 (15.4) | 1 | 0.88 |  |  |
Smoker | 49 | 7 (14.3) | 0.92 (0.31–2.75) | ||||
Alcohol use by source case (n = 101)1 | Never drinks | 65 | 6 (9.2) | 1 | 0.04 | 1 | 0.07 |
Drinks alcohol | 36 | 9 (25.0) | 3.28 (1.06–10.1) | 2.90 (0.90–9.31) | |||
Smear result of source case (n = 99) | Negative | 9 | 0 (0) | - | 0.35 |  |  |
Positive | 90 | 15 (16.7) | - | ||||
Smear grade of source case (n = 98) | Negative | 9 | 0 (0) | - | 0.05 |  |  |
Scanty | 8 | 0 (0) | - | ||||
1+ | 15 | 5 (33.3) | - | ||||
2+ | 44 | 9 (20.5) | - | ||||
3+ | 22 | 1 (4.5) | - | ||||
HIV status of source case (n = 99) | Negative | 79 | 8 (10.1) | 1 | 0.009 | 1 | 0.03 |
Positive | 20 | 7 (35.0) | 4.78 (1.45–15.5) | 4.07 (1.19–13.8) | |||
CD4 count of source case if HIV-positive (n = 18) | <200 | 7 | 3 (42.9) | 1 | 0.78 |  |  |
>200 | 11 | 4 (36.4) | 0.76 (0.11–5.28) | ||||
Relationship of source case to child | Parents | 38 | 5 (13.2) | 1 | 0.62 | Â | Â |
Grandparent | 15 | 4 (26.7) | 2.4 (0.55–10.6) | ||||
Uncle or aunt | 33 | 4 (12.1) | 0.91 (0.22–3.71) | ||||
Other | 16 | 2 (12.5) | 0.94 (0.16–5.45) | ||||
Duration of exposure between source case and child | Less than a month | 13 | 3 (23.1) | 1 | 0.35 | Â | Â |
One month to six months | 38 | 7 (18.4) | 0.75 (0.16–3.47) | ||||
More than six months | 51 | 5 (9.8) | 0.36 (0.07–1.77) | ||||
Primary caregiver to child | Index case | 21 | 2 (9.5) | 1 | 0.46 | Â | Â |
Not index case | 81 | 13 (16.0) | 1.82 (0.38–8.76) | ||||
Frequency of contact between source case and child | Daily | 93 | 12 (12.9) | 1 | 0.12 | Â | Â |
Less frequently | 9 | 3 (33.3) | 3.38 (0.74–15.3) | ||||
Intensity of contact between child and source case | Sleeps in the same bed | 25 | 3 (12.0) | 1 | 0.47 | Â | Â |
Sleeps in the same room | 13 | 1 (7.7) | 0.61 (0.06–6.54) | ||||
Sleeps in the same house | 45 | 6 (13.3) | 1.13 (0.26–4.96) | ||||
Sleeps in a different house | 19 | 5 (26.3) | 2.62 (0.54–12.7) |