Table 3 Risk factors for disease in child contacts of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: child and household characteristics (n = 102)

Age (n = 100)

<1 year

15

4 (26.7)

1

0.28

n/a

n/a

1–2 years

15

3 (20.0)

0.69 (0.12–3.79)

2–3 years

25

6 (24.0)

0.87 (0.20–3.77)

3–4 years

27

2 (7.4)

0.22 (0.03–1.38)

0.01¹

4–5 years

18

0 (0)

-

Gender

Female

46

11 (23.9)

1

0.02

1

0.04

Male

56

4 (7.1)

0.24 (0.72–0.83)

0.29 (0.08–1.00)

Ethnicity

Xhosa

30

7 (23.3)

1

0.13

Colored

70

8 (11.4)

0.42 (0.14–1.33)

Previous TB treatment

No

86

14 (16.3)

1

0.32

Yes

16

1 (6.3)

0.34 (0.04–2.81)

HIV status (n = 99)

Negative

96

13 (13.5)

1

0.04

1

0.01

Positive

3

2 (66.7)

12.8 (1.07–151.1)

25.3 (1.63–393)

Weight-for-age z-score (n = 97)

More than −1

60

10 (16.7)

1

0.19

−1 to −2

26

1 (3.8)

0.20 (0.02–1.65)

Less than −2

11

1 (9.1)

0.50 (0.06–4.45)

BCG scar visible (n = 101)

No

14

2 (14.3)

1

0.95

Yes

87

13 (14.9)

1.05 (0.21–5.27)

Type of residence (n = 98)

Tin shack

8

1 (12.5)

1

0.84

Brick house

79

12 (15.2)

1.25 (0.14–11.1)

Wendy house

11

1 (9.1)

0.70 (0.04–13.2)

Number of rooms in house

1-2

28

2 (7.1)

0.04

1.39 (1.02–1.91)

0.04¹

3-4

42

4 (9.5)

1.37 (0.23–8.03)

>4

32

9 (28.1)

5.09 (1.00–26.0)

0.02¹

Number of people living in house

≤5 people

47

5 (10.6)

1

0.29

>5 people

55

10 (18.2)

1.87 (0.59–5.91)

Density of people living in house

≤2 people per room

72

12 (16.7)

1

0.39

>2 people per room

30

3 (10)

0.56 (0.14–2.16)

Water source (n = 100)

House tap

84

12 (14.3)

1

0.65

No house tap

16

3 (18.8)

1.38 (0.34–5.60)

Toilet

Flush toilet in house

79

12 (15.2)

1

0.80

Other

23

3 (13.0)

0.84 (0.21–3.26)