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Table 1 Risk factors for infection in child contacts of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: child and household characteristics (n = 228)

From: Risk factors for infection and disease in child contacts of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a cross-sectional study

Variable

 

Total

Infected

Unadjusted OR

p-value

AOR

p-value1

(n = 228)

(row %)

(95% CI)

(95% CI)1

(n = 102)

Age of child (n = 224)

<1 year

53

15 (28.3)

1

0.05

1.43 (1.13–1.91)

0.0022

1–2 years

36

15 (41.7)

1.81 (0.74–4.42)

2–3 years

51

25 (49.0)

2.44 (1.08–5.48)

0.0072

3–4 years

48

27 (56.3)

3.26 (1.43–7.44)

4–5 years

36

18 (50.0)

2.53 (1.05–6.14)

Gender (n = 227)

Female

109

46 (42.2)

1

0.43

  

Male

118

56 (47.5)

1.24 (0.73–2.09)

Ethnicity

Xhosa

101

30 (29.7)

1

<0.001

1

0.01

Colored

125

70 (56.0)

3.01 (1.69–5.36)

2.51 (1.22–5.17)

Previous TB treatment

No

207

86 (41.5)

1

0.002

1

0.08

Yes

21

16 (76.2)

4.50 (1.59–12.8)

2.76 (0.84–9.12)

HIV status (n = 217)

Negative

209

96 (45.9)

1.0

0.64

  

Positive

8

3 (37.5)

0.71 (0.16–3.03)

Weight-for-age z-score (n = 218)

More than −1

138

60 (43.5)

1

0.14

  

−1 to −2

47

26 (55.3)

1.61 (0.83–3.13)

Less than −2

33

11 (33.3)

0.65 (0.29–1.44)

BCG scar visible (n = 222)

No

40

14 (35.0)

1

0.14

  

Yes

182

87 (47.8)

1.70 (0.83–3.47)

Type of residence (n = 217)

Tin shack

33

8 (24.2)

1

0.007

  

Brick House

168

79 (47.0)

2.77 (1.18–6.50)

Wendy House

16

11 (68.8)

6.87 (1.83–25.8)

Number of rooms in house

1–2

61

28 (45.9)

1

0.58

  

3–4

102

42 (41.2)

0.83 (0.44–1.56)

>4

65

32 (49.2)

1.14 (0.57–2.30)

Number of people living in house

≤5 people

109

47 (43.1)

1

0.64

  

>5 people

119

55 (46.2)

1.13 (0.67–1.91)

Density of people living in house

≤2 people per room

153

72 (47.1)

1

0.31

  

>2 people per room

75

30 (40.0)

0.75 (0.43–1.31)

Water source (n = 225)

Piped water in residence

176

84 (47.7)

1

0.06

  

Piped water from public source

49

16 (32.7)

0.53 (0.27–1.03)

Toilet

Flush toilet in house

163

79 (48.5)

1

0.07

  

Other

65

23 (35.4)

0.58 (0.32–1.05)

  1. 1Adjusted for ethnicity, age of child, previous TB in the child, age of source case, alcohol use in source case and HIV status of source case, 2Test for trend, AOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval.