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Table 1 Antimicrobial susceptibility of 65 Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from India (n=40), Pakistan (n=18), and Bhutan (n=7) in 2007–2011

From: Antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic characteristics of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from India, Pakistan and Bhutan in 2007–2011

Antimicrobial

Breakpoints (susceptible/resistant, mg/L)

MIC range (mg/L)

Resistant, number (%)

Intermediate susceptible, number (%)

Susceptible, number (%)

Ciprofloxacin

S≤0.03/R>0.06a

0.064->32

61 (93.8)

4 (6.2)

0 (0)

Penicillin Gb

S≤0.06/R>1a

0.016->32

44 (67.7)

20 (30.8)

1 (1.5)

Erythromycinc

S≤0.25/R>0.5c

0.032-128

40 (61.5)

8 (12.3)

17 (26.2)

Tetracycline

S≤0.5/R>1a

0.125-64

36 (55.4)

22 (33.8)

7 (10.8)

Azithromycin

S≤0.25/R>0.5a

0.016-4

5 (7.7)

10 (15.4)

50 (76.9)

Spectinomycin

S≤64/R>64a

4-16

0 (0)

0 (0)

65 (100)

Ceftriaxone

S≤0.12/R>0.12a

<0.002-0.064

0 (0)

0 (0)

65 (100)

Cefixime

S≤0.12/R>0.12a

<0.016-0.064

0 (0)

0 (0)

65 (100)

  1. aBreakpoints according to The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. (EUCAST (http://www.eucast.org; Clinical breakpoints v2.0)).
  2. bβ-lactamase was produced by 34 (52%) of the examined isolates, and all these isolates were considered as resistant to penicillin G independent on their MIC values.
  3. cBecause of the lack of EUCAST breakpoints, the EUCAST breakpoints for azithromycin were used also for erythromycin.
  4. MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration.