From: Age-related differences in symptoms, diagnosis and prognosis of bacteremia
Age groups (% within age group) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total material (680 patients) | < 65 years (228 patients) | 65-84 years (334 patients) | ≥ 85 years (118 patients) | Overall p-value | |
Age in years; median (IQR) | 75 (57.5 - 82) | 50.5 (38–58) | 78 (73–81) | 88 (86–91) | |
Gender; male | 289 (42.5%) | 93 (40.8%) | 160 (47.9%) | 36 (30.5%) | 0.004 |
Bacteraemia caused by E. coli | 450 (66.2%) | 131 (57.5%) | 240 (71.9%) | 79 (66.9%) | 0.002 |
Bacteremia caused by S. pneumoniae | 230 (33.8%) | 97 (42.5%) | 94 (28.1%)* | 39 (33.1%) | |
Comorbidity | |||||
Number of comorbid conditions1; median(IQR) | 1 (0–2) | 0 (0–1) | 1 (0–2)* | 1 (1–2)* | < 0.001 |
Aftrial fibrrillation (chronic or paroxystic) | 75 (11.2%) | 0 | 47 (14.2)* | 28 (24.3)* | < 0.001 |
Ischemic heart disease | 145 (21.6%) | 13 (5.8%) | 91 (27.5%)* | 41 (35.7%)* | < 0.001 |
Congestive heart failure | 91 (13.5%) | 6 (2.7%) | 55 (16.6%)* | 30 (26.1%)* | < 0.001 |
Hypertension | 151 (22.5%) | 25 (11.1%) | 91 (27.5%)* | 35 (30.4%)* | < 0.001 |
Cerebrovascular disorder | 93 (13.8%) | 11 (4.9%) | 59 (17.8%)* | 23 (20.0%)* | < 0.001 |
Chronic obstructive lung disease | 71 (10.6%) | 15 (6.6%) | 50 (15.1%)* | 6 (5.2%) | 0.001 |
Alcohol abuse | 46 (6.8%) | 24 (10.6%) | 21 (6.3%) | 1 (0.9%)* | 0.003 |
Malignant disease (solid cancer, leukemia orlymphoma) | 45 (6.7%) | 16 (7.1%) | 24 (7.3%) | 5 (4.3%) | 0.540 |
Chronic renal failure | 21 (3.1%) | 6 (2.7%) | 12 (3.6%) | 3 (2.6%) | 0.763 |
Diabetes mellitus | 82 (12.2%) | 20 (8.8%) | 49 (14.8%)* | 13 (11.3%) | 0.103 |
Tentative diagnosis by admitting physician: | |||||
Infection | 331 (48.7%) | 132 (57.9%) | 143 (42.8%)* | 56 (47.5%) | 0.002 |
Non-specific2 | 89 (13.1%) | 7 (3.1%) | 59 (17.7%)* | 23 (19.5%)* | < 0.001 |
Organ focused | 158 (23.2) | 56 (24.6%) | 78 (23.4%) | 24 (20.3%) | 0.676 |
Symptoms on infection | |||||
Total number of reported symptoms; median (IQR) | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–3) | 0.351 |
“Classical symptoms”3≥ 3 | 253 (37.4%) | 110 (48.7%) | 108 (32.5%)* | 35 (29.7%)* | < 0.001 |
Zero ”classical symptoms” | 57 (8.4%) | 7 (3.1%) | 36 (10.8%)* | 14 (11.9%)* | 0.002 |
“Atypical symptoms”4 ≥1 | 337 (49.6%) | 82 (36.0%) | 180 (53.9%)* | 75 (63.6%)* | < 0.001 |
Signs of infection at admission | |||||
Decline in general health | 289 (42.6%) | 81 (35.5%) | 152 (45.6%)* | 56 (47.5%)* | 0.029 |
Leukocytosis (≥ 15000/μl) | 280 (41.2%) | 98 (43.0%) | 129 (38.6%) | 53 (45.3%) | 0.363 |
Leukopenia (< 3000/μl) | 37 (5.4%) | 8 (3.5%) | 24 (7.2%) | 5 (4.3%) | 0.140 |
C-reactive protein (CRP) | |||||
CRP median (IQR);mg/L | 191 (83–311) | 222 (92 -351) | 179 (72-266)* | 180 (94-317) | 0.022 |
CRP ≥ 80 mg/L | 514 (75.6%) | 175 (76.8%) | 245 (73.4%) | 94 (79.7%) | 0.344 |
CRP ≥ 200mg/L | 324 (47.6%) | 123 (53.9%) | 147 (44.0%) | 54 (45.8%) | 0.062 |
Fever (≥ 38.5°C) | 438 (65.8%) | 154 (69.1%) | 208 (64.0%) | 76 (64.4%) | 0.445 |
Hypothermia (< 36°C) | 10 (1.5%) | 7 (3.1%) | 1 (0.3%)* | 2 (1.7%) | 0.027 |
Median number of SIRScriteria (IQR) | 3 (2–3) | 3 (2–3) | 2 (2–3) | 2 (2–3) | 0.099 |
No. of patients withSIRS ≥ 3 | 343 (50.4%) | 127 (55.7%) | 160 (47.9%) | 56 (47.5%) | 0.149 |
No. of patients withSIRS ≥ 2 | 563 (82.8%) | 198 (86.8%) | 270 (80.8%) | 95 (80.5%) | 0.139 |
New-onset atrial fibrillation | 104 (15.5%) | 11 (4.9%) | 72 (21.8%)* | 21 (18.3%)* | < 0.001 |