The incidence and aetiology of hospitalised community-acquired pneumonia among Vietnamese adults: a prospective surveillance in Central Vietnam

Table 1 Table 1 The demographic and clinical characteristics of study patients

Characteristics	CAP	NPLRTI	P value*
Characteristics	(n = 174)	(n = 193)	P value*
Male sex (%)	91 (52)	93 (48)	0.4
Age ≥ 65 years (%)	57 (33)	39 (20)	0.006
Presence of underlying conditions^† (%)	115 (66)	99 (51)	0.004
HIV infection	4 (2)	3 (2)	0.6
History of tuberculosis (%)	13 (7)	3 (2)	0.006
Asthma (%)	11 (6)	13 (7)	0.9
Malnutrition (%)	30 (17)	11 (6)	<0.001
Cerebrovascular disease (%)	17 (10)	15 (8)	0.5
Living with children aged <5 years (%)	55 (32)	60 (31)	1.0
Cigarette smoking history
Current/past smoker (%)	78 (45)	70 (36)	0.1
Current/past smoker, male (%)	74 (81)	65 (70)	0.07
Smoking index^‡, mean ± SD	120 ± 219	63 ± 137	0.003
0–49 (%)	107 (61)	143 (74)	0.014
50–99 (%)	14 (8)	10 (5)
≥100 (%)	53 (30)	40 (21)
Symptomatic period^§, mean days ± SD	2 ± 5	2 ± 4	0.5
Preceding antibiotics use/data available (%)	35/147 (24)	45/158 (28)	0.4
Pneumonia severity index^∫
I–II (%)	37/62 (60)	36/48 (75)	0.09
III–V (%)	25/62 (14)	12/48 (6)	0.09
CURB65 score (n = 124) ^∫
0 (%)	10/70 (14)	20/54 (37)	0.0043
1 (%)	39/70 (56)	25/54 (46)
2–4 (%)	21/70 (30)	9/54 (17)
Length of hospital stay, median days ± SD	8 ± 7	5 ± 7	0.016
Outcome at discharge
Survived	145 (83)	185(96)	<0.001
Transferred to other hospital	12 (7)	3 (2)
Deceased	17 (10)	5 (3)

* Chi-squared tests were used for binary categorical variables, non-parametric trend test were used for ordinary categorical variables and two-tailed unpaired t-tests were used for numerical variables.
† Underlying conditions include malnutrition, chronic diarrhoea, heart disease, chronic lung disease, neuro-nervous disease, renal disease, thalassemia, liver disease, chronic heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, active tuberculosis, and COPD.
‡ The number of cigarettes smoked per day X total duration in years.
§ A period from onset to admission.
∫ Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI): Scores range from approximately 10 to 250; higher scores indicate more severe disease. Patients with PSI scores of 70 or fewer points are classified as classes I to II. CURB65 is the scoring system to add one point for each of confusion, urea >7 mmol/l, respiratory rate >30/min, low systolic (90 mmHg) or diastolic (60 mmHg) blood pressure, and age >65 years

ISSN: 1471-2334