| Culture Standard | CRSa | LCA Modelb | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sens (%, 95CI) | Spec (%, 95CI) | Sens (%, 95CI) | Spec (%, 95CI) | Sens (%, 95CI) | Spec (%, 95CI) | |||
S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, or H. influenzae | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||||
All patients, n=451 | Culture | na | na | na | na | 81.3 (73.2-89.3) | 99.7 (99.1-100.0) | |
 |  | Gram stain | 97.5 (91.3-99.7) | 94.1 (91.2-96.3) | na | na | 98.2 (95.2-100.0) | 98.7 (97.3-100.0) |
 |  | RT-PCR | 95.0 (87.7-98.6) | 90.0 (86.5-92.9) | 91.2 (83.9-95.9) | 94.3 (91.3-96.5) | 95.7 (91.2-100.0) | 94.3 (91.9-96.8) |
Antibiotic negative, n=341 | Culture | na | na | na | na | 85.7 (74.4-96.9) | 100.0 (99.8-100.0) | |
 |  | Gram stain | 100.0 (89.7-100.0) | 97.4 (94.9-98.9) | na | na | 98.7 (94.9-100.0) | 99.0 (97.9-100.0) |
 |  | RT-PCR | 97.1 (84.7-99.9) | 96.1 (93.3-98.0) | 90.5 (77.4-97.3) | 97.7 (95.2-99.1) | 95.8 (89.1-100.0) | 97.7 (95.9-99.4) |
Antibiotic positive, n=98 | Culture | na | na | na | na | 78.2 (66.4-89.9) | 97.1 (91.9-100.0) | |
 |  | Gram stain | 97.7 (88.0-99.9) | 74.1 (60.4-85.0) | na | na | 99.5 (97.3-100.0) | 94.0 (84.1-100.0) |
 |  | RT-PCR | 93.2 (81.3-98.6) | 55.6 (41.4-69.1) | 91.4 (81.0-97.1) | 70.0 (53.5-83.4) | 95.3 (89.0-100.0) | 70.2 (56.2-84.2) |
S. pneumoniae only | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
All patients, n=451 | Culture | na | na | na | na | 85.3 (74.8-95.9) | 100.0 (99.9-100.0) | |
 |  | Gram stain | 97.5 (86.8-99.9) | 97.6 (95.6-98.8) | na | na | 96.4 (90.6-100.0) | 99.0 (98.1-100.0) |
 |  | RT-PCR | 97.5 (86.8-99.9) | 97.1 (95.0-98.5) | 90.0 (78.2-96.7) | 98.5 (96.8-99.5) | 96.4 (90.6-100.0) | 98.6 (97.4-99.7) |
N. meningitidis only | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
All patients, n=451 | Culture | na | na | na | na | 77.9 (65.4-90.4) | 99.8 (99.3-100.0) | |
 |  | Gram stain | 97.2 (85.5-99.9) | 97.4 (95.3-98.7) | na | na | 98.7 (94.8-100.0) | 99.6 (98.9-100.0) |
 |  | RT-PCR | 94.4 (81.3-99.3) | 94.5 (91.8-96.5) | 91.5 (79.6-97.6) | 96.5 (94.3-98.1) | 95.9 (89.3-100.0) | 96.6 (94.8-98.3) |