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Table 3 Crude and adjusted odds ratio with 95% CI of risk factors for CHIKV infection

From: The assessment of risk factors for the Central/East African Genotype of chikungunya virus infections in the state of Kelantan: a case control study in Malaysia

Factors

Crude OR

(95% CI)

p-value

Adjusted OR

(95% CI)

p-value

Gender:

 

Male

0.94

0.55-1.62

 

0.87

0.49-1.57

p>0.05

Female

Reference

 

Ethnic groups:

 

Malay

0.78

0.04-12.55

p>0.05

0.54

0.03-9.10

p>0.05

Chinese

0.50

0.13-19.56

p>0.05

0.37

0.01-16.83

p>0.05

Others

Reference

 

Age groups

 

Elderly

2.26

0.77-6.63

p>0.05

1.81

0.58-5.68

p>0.05

Adult

2.39

1.00-5.69

p>0.05

1.94

0.77-4.86

p>0.05

Adolescent

Reference

 

Occupations:

 

Government officer

Reference

 

Teacher

2.25

0.18-28.25

p>0.05

2.78

0.20-38.91

p>0.05

Retired

1.50

0.06-40.63

p>0.05

1.07

0.38-29.75

p>0.05

Student

0.58

0.08-4.27

p>0.05

0.99

0.13-7.76

p>0.05

Self employed

1.24

0.19-8.20

p>0.05

1.62

0.23-11.3

p>0.05

Labourer

0.93

0.11-7.72

p>0.05

1.41

0.16-12.58

p>0.05

Others

0.60

0.08-4.54

p>0.05

0.88

0.11-7.19

p>0.05

Housewife

1.01

0.16-6.04

p>0.05

1.49

0.22-9.97

p>0.05

Rubber tapper

4.50

0.60-32.70

p>0.05

3.68

1.43-9.47

0.007

Locality:

 

Urban

Reference

 

Rural

2.42

0.64-9.20

p>0.05

1.54

0.37-6.35

p>0.05

Level of education:

 

Primary School

Reference

 

Lower secondary school

0.98

0.47-2.01

p>0.05

0.80

0.367-1.74

p>0.05

Upper secondary school

0.80

0.39-1.64

p>0.05

0.59

0.27-1.30

p>0.05

College/Universities

0.21

0.28-5.40

p>0.05

0.20

0.02-1.84

p>0.05

Religious School

1.23

0.28-5.40

p>0.05

1.50

0.29-7.59

p>0.05

No formal education

1.41

0.45-4.39

p>0.05

1.16

0.35-3.84

p>0.05

Staying together with relatives being infected with Chikungunya

3.24

1.82-5.78

p>0.05

2.50

1.37-4.58

0.003

Visit chikungunya patient

1.73

0.90-3.34

p>0.05

0.78

0.33-1.82

p>0.05

Staying more outside the house in early morning and late afternoon

1.66

0.76-3.63

p>0.05

0.80

0.28-2.31

p>0.05

Had history been to potential places for mosquito bite

3.06

1.32-7.09

0.009

1.55

0.52-4.67

p>0.05

Apply one of the preventive methods

0.17

0.06-0.51

0.002

0.39

0.11-1.37

p>0.05

Wearing the long sleeve

0.61

0.35-1.06

p>0.05

0.85

0.43-1.68

p>0.05

Apply the repellent lotion

1.17

0.32-4.26

p>0.05

1.45

0.35-6.09

p>0.05

Use of mosquito coils insecticide

0.38

0.22-068

0.001

0.44

0.24-0.79

0.007

Using the Mosquito net

0.65

0.38-1.11

p>0.05

0.61

0.31-1.19

p>0.05

Had history of travelling during the last 2 week

0.99

0.42-2.38

p>0.05

1.30

0.48-3.53

p>0.05

Working in area of plantation border to southern Thailand

3.98

0.41-38.87

p>0.05

1.36

0.12-14.8

p>0.05

Had been visited by relative from Southern Thailand

2.62

0.23-29.37

p>0.05

1.57

0.14-17.9

p>0.05

Had been visited by anybody from any places

5.56

0.97-26.84

p>0.05

3.86

0.75-19.64

p>0.05

  1. Note: No body made any visit to relative in southern Thailand and no any relatives in southern Thailand that they know had been infected with chikungunya infection.