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Table 2 Association between baseline characteristics and incidence of bacterial vaginosis recurrence among 440 female sex workers followed-up in a microbicide trial: hazard ratios (unadjusted vs. adjusted for the study site)

From: Behavioural and medical predictors of bacterial vaginosis recurrence among female sex workers: longitudinal analysis from a randomized controlled trial

Baseline factors

Incidence rate of BV recurrence (per 100 person-months) by exposure level (NR*/person-months)

Unadjusted HR§ with 95% CI

p-value

HR§ (adjusted for study site) with 95% CI

p-value

Study sites

     

   Chennai/ Bagalkot District

39.5 (142/359.57)

5.27 (3.90 – 7.12)

<0.0001

-

-

   Cotonou

28.9 (160/553.93)

3.69 (2.76 – 4.94)

<0.0001

-

-

   Kampala (ref)

7.9 (69/869.62)

1.00 -

-

-

-

Age (years; continuous)

-

1.03 (1.01 – 1.04)

0.0004

0.99 (0.97 - 1.00)

0.1452

Age (category):

     

   ≥28 years (median)

25.8 (196/760.83)

1.52 (1.19 – 1.94)

0.0009

0.83 (0.64 - 1.07)

0.1476

   <28 years

17.1 (175/1022.28)

1.00 -

-

1.00 -

-

Number of years in school (continuous)

-

0.99 (0.95 – 1.03)

0.6279

1.02 (0.98 - 1.05)

0.2832

Years in school (category):

     

   ≥ 6 years

16.8 (151/900.52)

0.67 (0.52 – 0.86)

0.0015

1.05 (0.84 - 1.32)

0.6427

   < 6 years

24.9 (220/882.60)

1.00 -

-

1.00 -

-

Living with a man

     

   Yes

31.9 (95/297.70)

1.75 (1.35 – 2.26)

<0.0001

0.99 (0.73 - 1.32)

0.9227

   No

18.6 (276/1485.42)

1.00 -

-

1.00 -

-

Exerting an occupation besides sex work

     

   Yes

26.9 (123/457.67)

1.44 (1.10 - 1.89)

0.0076

0.89 (0.68 - 1.15)

 

   No (Ref.)

18.7 (248/1325.45)

1.00 -

-

1.00 -

0.3612

Having ever been pregnant

     

   Yes

21.3 (354/1659.72)

1.55 (0.89 – 2.71)

0.1201

1.16 (0.73 - 1.83)

0.5249

   No

13.8 (17/123.40)

1.00 -

-

1.00 -

-

Current contraceptive method

     

   Female sterilization

38.2 (121/316.67)

2.21 (1.69 – 2.90)

<0.0001

0.99 (0.66 - 1.51)

0.9934

   Intra-uterine device

37.9 (4/10.55)

2.16 (0.90 – 5.15)

0.0837

1.14 (0.56 - 2.34)

0.7215

   Injectable

11.8 (18/152.70)

0.66 (0.39 - 1.13)

0.1308

1.21 (0.69 - 2.10)

0.5095

   Oral

13.1 (18/137.25)

0.73 (0.41 - 1.29)

0.2800

0.98 (0.57 - 1.70)

0.9577

   None (Ref.)

18.0 (210/1165.95)

1.00 -

-

1.00 -

-

Recent intra-vaginal cleansing reported at baseline

     

   Yes

32.3 (112/347.20)

1.75 (1.34 - 2.28)

<.0001

1.31 (1.03 - 1.66)

0.0279

   No

18.5 (246/1326.27)

1.00 -

-

1.00 -

-

Number of sexual partners /last 7days (Continuous)

-

0.98 (0.97 - 0.99)

0.0003

0.99 (0.99 - 1.00)

0.4145

Number of sexual partners /last 7 days:

     

   ≥ 8 partners (median)

14.9 (159/1067.18)

0.49 (0.39 – 0.63)

<0.0001

0.89 (0.67 - 1.18)

0.4079

   < 8 partners

29.6 (212/715.93)

1.00 -

-

1.00 -

-

Having a primary partner

     

   Yes

21.6 (289/1337.92)

1.18 (0.88 – 1.59)

0.2679

0.98 (0.75 - 1.27)

0.8825

   No

18.4 (82/445.20)

1.00 -

-

 

-

CCU‡ with primary partner in the past 7 days:

     

   Yes

17.3 (83/479.37)

0.68 (0.48 – 0.96)

0.0277

0.77 (0.56 – 1.07)

0.1236

   No (ref.)

28.7 (134/466.28)

1.00 -

-

1.00 -

-

   No primary partner or no sexual act with him

18.4 (154/837.47)

0.74 (0.55 – 0.99)

0.0459

0.97 (0.74 - 1.28)

0.8564

CCU‡ with other partners in the past 7 days:

     

   Yes

20.3 (329/1620.65)

0.49 (0.19 – 1.28)

0.1467

0.86 (0.34 – 2.18)

0.7505

   No (ref.)

25.1 (19/75.70)

1.00 -

-

-

-

   No sexual act with other partners

26.5 (23/86.77)

0.62 (0.22 – 1.71)

0.3556

0.96 (0.35 – 2.59)

0.9340

History of STI

     

   Yes

27.0 (176/651.55)

1.53 (1.14 - 2.05)

0.0046

1.13 (0.86 - 1.47)

0.3864

   No

17.2 (195/1131.57)

1.00 -

-

1.00 -

-

Anal /oral sex with primary partner/ past 30 days

     

   Yes

29.2 (14/47.97)

1.30 (0.70 - 2.42)

0.4018

0.72 (0.38 - 1.34)

0.3011

   No (Ref)

22.3 (292/1311.10)

1.00 -

-

1.00 -

-

   Did not have primary partner

16.5 (52/314.40)

0.74 (0.52 - 1.04)

0.0800

0.99 (0.73 - 1.33)

0.9381

Anal /oral sex with primary partner without condom

     

   Yes

29.9 (9/30.08)

1.34 (0.68 - 2.65)

0.3951

0.78 (0.41 - 1.50)

0.4594

   No (Ref)

22.3 (297/1328.98)

1.00 -

-

1.00 -

-

   Did not have primary partner

16.5 (52/314.40)

0.73 (0.52 - 1.03)

0.0766

1.01 (0.74 - 1.35)

0.9931

Anal /oral sex with other partners/past 30 days

     

   Yes

46.4 (28/60.32)

2.26 (1.60 - 3.18)

<.0001

1.20 (0.82 - 1.74)

0.3434

   No (Ref)

20.7 (330/1591.95)

1.00 -

-

1.00 -

-

Anal /oral sex with other partners without condom

     

   Yes

47.3 (10/21.15)

2.19 (1.08 - 4.44)

0.0298

1.17 (0.57 - 2.38)

0.6671

   No anal or oral sex with other partners (Ref.)

21.3 (348/1631.12)

1.00 -

-

1.00 -

-

History of irregular menstrual cycles

     

   Yes

22.3 (78/349.37)

1.09 (0.80 – 1.48)

0.5733

1.11 (0.84 - 1.47)

0.4708

   No

20.4 (293/1433.75)

1.00 -

-

1.00 -

-

Treatment group

     

   Active gel

21.5 (178/828.88)

1.07 (0.84 – 1.38)

0.5753

0.97 (0.77 - 1.21)

0.7645

   Placebo

20.2 (193/954.23)

1.00 -

-

1.00 -

-

Gonorrhea

     

   Present

26.3 (31/117.82)

1.32 (0.81 - 2.12)

0.2618

1.27 (0.81 - 2.00)

0.30271

   Absent

20.3 (336/1650.72)

1.00 -

-

1.00 -

-

Chlamydia

     

   Present

13.4 (18/134.65)

0.63 (0.34 - 1.15)

0.1319

1.07 (0.62 - 1.85)

0.8035

   Absent

21.4 (349/1633.88)

1.00 -

-

1.00 -

-

Trichomoniasis

     

   Present

16.4 (14/85.27)

0.76 (0.35 - 1.62)

0.4720

0.90 (0.50 - 1.62)

0.7339

   Absent

21.2 (357/1686.95)

1.00 -

-

1.00 -

-

Candidiasis

     

   Present

21.8 (85/389.47)

1.05 (0.80 - 1.39)

0.7130

0.97 (0.72 - 1.31)

0.8678

   Absent

20.7 (286/1382.75)

1.00 -

-

1.00 -

-

  1. *NR =number of recurrences; § HR=Hazard ratio; CI=Confidence interval; ‡ CCU=Consistent condom use (100% of sexual acts).