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Table 1 Preadmission baseline characteristics of 705 patients hospitalized for pneumococcal LRTI, according to manifestation group

From: Impact of positive chest X-ray findings and blood cultures on adverse outcomes following hospitalized pneumococcal lower respiratory tract infection: a population-based cohort study

Characteristics No infiltrate and no bacteraemia patients Infiltrate without bacteraemia patients Bacteraemia patients
  n (%) a PR (95% CI) n (%) a PR (95% CI) n (%) a PR (95% CI)
All patients 193 (100)   250 (100)   262 (100)  
Age (years)
  Median 68 (59–76)   69 (57–79)   68 (57–80)  
  15-49 22 (11) 1.0 (ref.) 38 (15) 1.3 (0.8-2.2) 47 (18) 1.6 (1.0-2.5)
  50-74 116 (60) 1.0 (ref.) 129 (52) 0.9 (0.7-1.0) 128 (49) 0.8 (0.7-1.0)
  ≥75 55 (29) 1.0 (ref.) 83 (33) 1.2 (0.9-1.5) 87 (33) 1.2 (0.9-1.5)
Sex        
  Women 83 (43) 1.0 (ref.) 90 (36) 0.8 (0.7-1.1) 123 (47) 1.1 (0.9-1.3)
  Men 110 (57) 1.0 (ref.) 160 (64) 1.1 (1.0-1.3) 139 (53) 0.9 (0.8-1.1)
Charlson comorbidity Index
  Index low (0) 36 (19) 1.0 (ref.) 70 (28) 1.5 (1.1-2.1) 101 (39) 2.1 (1.5-2.9)
  Index medium (1–2) 96 (50) 1.0 (ref.) 92 (37) 0.7 (0.6-0.9) 81 (31) 0.6 (0.5-0.8)
  Index high (≥3) 61 (32) 1.0 (ref.) 88 (35) 1.1 (0.9-1.5) 80 (31) 1.0 (0.7-1.3)
Chronic pulmonary disease b 112 (58) 1.0 (ref.) 114 (46) 0.8 (0.7-0.9) 58 (22) 0.4 (0.3-0.5)
Chronic heart disease c 26 (13) 1.0 (ref.) 35 (14) 1.0 (0.6-1.7) 35 (13) 1.0 (0.6-1.6)
BMI (median) 23.5 (20.0-27.4)   23.3 (21.0-26.3)   23.6 (21.9-26.7)  
Smoking 112 (58) 1.0 (ref.) 114 (46) 0.8 (0.7-0.9) 58 (22) 0.4 (0.3-0.5)
  Yes, currently 106 (58) 1.0 (ref.) 122 (53) 0.9 (0.8-1.1) 99 (43) 0.7 (0.6-0.9)
  No, former 57 (31) 1.0 (ref.) 69 (30) 1.2 (0.6-2.4) 66 (29) 3.1 (1.7-5.7)
  No, never 12 (7) 1.0 (ref.) 18 (8) 1.0 (0.7-1.3) 47 (20) 0.9 (0.7-1.2)
  No, unknown 7 (4) 1.0 (ref.) 21 (9) 2.4 (1.0-5.5) 18 (8) 2.0 (0.8-4.8)
Alcohol
  >7/14 per week d 31 (18) 1.0 (ref.) 60 (27) 1.5 (1.0-1.7) 48 (23) 1.2 (0.8-1.9)
  ≤7/14 per week d 68 (40) 1.0 (ref.) 89 (40) 1.0 (0.8-1.3) 69 (32) 0.8 (0.6-1.1)
  Never 71 (42) 1.0 (ref.) 76 (34) 0.8 (0.6-1.0) 96 (45) 1.1 (0.9-1.4)
Employment
  Employed 18 (12) 1.0 (ref.) 24 (13) 1.0 (0.6-1.8) 47 (24) 1.9 (1.2-3.2)
  Unemployed 7 (5) 1.0 (ref.) 10 (5) 1.1 (0.4-2.9) 5 (3) 0.5 (0.2-1.6)
  Pension 117 (81) 1.0 (ref.) 142 (76) 0.9 (0.8-1.1) 140 (70) 0.9 (0.8-1.0)
  Other e 3 (2) 1.0 (ref.) 10 (5) 2.6 (0.7-9.3) 6 (3) 1.5 (0.4-5.8)
Housing
  Own house/apartment 166 (94) 1.0 (ref.) 207 (89) 1.0 (0.9-1.0) 213 (93) 1.0 (0.9-1.0)
  Institution 9 (5) 1.0 (ref.) 20 (9) 1.7 (0.8-3.6) 14 (6) 1.2 (0.5-2.7)
  Homeless 2 (1) 1.0 (ref.) 5 (2) 1.9 (0.4-9.7) 1 (0) 0.4 (0.0-4.2)
Travel history f 7 (4) 1.0 (ref.) 7 (3) 0.8 (0.3-2.2) 7 (3) 0.7 (0.3-2.1)
Vaccination
  Influenza vaccine 2 (1) 1.0 (ref.) 1 (0) NA 0 (0) NA
  Pneumococcal vaccine 0 (0) 1.0 (ref.) 1 (0) NA 0 (0) NA
  1. LRTI, lower respiratory tract infection; PR, prevalence ratio; CI, confidence interval; ref, reference; NA, not applicable; BMI, Body mass index.
  2. a Data are n (% of everyone we have data for) or median (interquartile range).
  3. b Chronic pulmonary disease: ICD-8: 490–493, 515–518. ICD-10: DJ40-DJ47, DJ60-DJ67, DJ68.4, DJ70.1, DJ70.3, DJ84.1, DJ92.0, DJ96.1, DJ98.2, DJ98.3.
  4. c Congestive heart failure: ICD-8: 427.09, 427.10, 427.11, 427.19, 428.99, 782.49. ICD-10: DI50, DI11.0, DI13.0, DI13.2.
  5. d 7 units of alcohol for women and 14 for men per week.
  6. e “Other” employment covers: students, maternity leave, and rehabilitation support.
  7. f Travel within three month prior to the index date.
  8. Results were available for >87% except for BMI (could be calculated for 20-26% of patients), employment (available for 74-75%), alcohol use (81-90%) and vaccination (only noted if defiantly positive).
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BMC Infectious Diseases

ISSN: 1471-2334

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