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Table 1 Preadmission baseline characteristics of 705 patients hospitalized for pneumococcal LRTI, according to manifestation group

From: Impact of positive chest X-ray findings and blood cultures on adverse outcomes following hospitalized pneumococcal lower respiratory tract infection: a population-based cohort study

Characteristics

No infiltrate and no bacteraemia patients

Infiltrate without bacteraemia patients

Bacteraemia patients

 

n (%) a

PR (95% CI)

n (%) a

PR (95% CI)

n (%) a

PR (95% CI)

All patients

193 (100)

 

250 (100)

 

262 (100)

 

Age (years)

 

Median

68 (59–76)

 

69 (57–79)

 

68 (57–80)

 
 

15-49

22 (11)

1.0 (ref.)

38 (15)

1.3 (0.8-2.2)

47 (18)

1.6 (1.0-2.5)

 

50-74

116 (60)

1.0 (ref.)

129 (52)

0.9 (0.7-1.0)

128 (49)

0.8 (0.7-1.0)

 

≥75

55 (29)

1.0 (ref.)

83 (33)

1.2 (0.9-1.5)

87 (33)

1.2 (0.9-1.5)

Sex

       
 

Women

83 (43)

1.0 (ref.)

90 (36)

0.8 (0.7-1.1)

123 (47)

1.1 (0.9-1.3)

 

Men

110 (57)

1.0 (ref.)

160 (64)

1.1 (1.0-1.3)

139 (53)

0.9 (0.8-1.1)

Charlson comorbidity Index

 

Index low (0)

36 (19)

1.0 (ref.)

70 (28)

1.5 (1.1-2.1)

101 (39)

2.1 (1.5-2.9)

 

Index medium (1–2)

96 (50)

1.0 (ref.)

92 (37)

0.7 (0.6-0.9)

81 (31)

0.6 (0.5-0.8)

 

Index high (≥3)

61 (32)

1.0 (ref.)

88 (35)

1.1 (0.9-1.5)

80 (31)

1.0 (0.7-1.3)

Chronic pulmonary disease b

112 (58)

1.0 (ref.)

114 (46)

0.8 (0.7-0.9)

58 (22)

0.4 (0.3-0.5)

Chronic heart disease c

26 (13)

1.0 (ref.)

35 (14)

1.0 (0.6-1.7)

35 (13)

1.0 (0.6-1.6)

BMI (median)

23.5 (20.0-27.4)

 

23.3 (21.0-26.3)

 

23.6 (21.9-26.7)

 

Smoking

112 (58)

1.0 (ref.)

114 (46)

0.8 (0.7-0.9)

58 (22)

0.4 (0.3-0.5)

 

Yes, currently

106 (58)

1.0 (ref.)

122 (53)

0.9 (0.8-1.1)

99 (43)

0.7 (0.6-0.9)

 

No, former

57 (31)

1.0 (ref.)

69 (30)

1.2 (0.6-2.4)

66 (29)

3.1 (1.7-5.7)

 

No, never

12 (7)

1.0 (ref.)

18 (8)

1.0 (0.7-1.3)

47 (20)

0.9 (0.7-1.2)

 

No, unknown

7 (4)

1.0 (ref.)

21 (9)

2.4 (1.0-5.5)

18 (8)

2.0 (0.8-4.8)

Alcohol

 

>7/14 per week d

31 (18)

1.0 (ref.)

60 (27)

1.5 (1.0-1.7)

48 (23)

1.2 (0.8-1.9)

 

≤7/14 per week d

68 (40)

1.0 (ref.)

89 (40)

1.0 (0.8-1.3)

69 (32)

0.8 (0.6-1.1)

 

Never

71 (42)

1.0 (ref.)

76 (34)

0.8 (0.6-1.0)

96 (45)

1.1 (0.9-1.4)

Employment

 

Employed

18 (12)

1.0 (ref.)

24 (13)

1.0 (0.6-1.8)

47 (24)

1.9 (1.2-3.2)

 

Unemployed

7 (5)

1.0 (ref.)

10 (5)

1.1 (0.4-2.9)

5 (3)

0.5 (0.2-1.6)

 

Pension

117 (81)

1.0 (ref.)

142 (76)

0.9 (0.8-1.1)

140 (70)

0.9 (0.8-1.0)

 

Other e

3 (2)

1.0 (ref.)

10 (5)

2.6 (0.7-9.3)

6 (3)

1.5 (0.4-5.8)

Housing

 

Own house/apartment

166 (94)

1.0 (ref.)

207 (89)

1.0 (0.9-1.0)

213 (93)

1.0 (0.9-1.0)

 

Institution

9 (5)

1.0 (ref.)

20 (9)

1.7 (0.8-3.6)

14 (6)

1.2 (0.5-2.7)

 

Homeless

2 (1)

1.0 (ref.)

5 (2)

1.9 (0.4-9.7)

1 (0)

0.4 (0.0-4.2)

Travel history f

7 (4)

1.0 (ref.)

7 (3)

0.8 (0.3-2.2)

7 (3)

0.7 (0.3-2.1)

Vaccination

 

Influenza vaccine

2 (1)

1.0 (ref.)

1 (0)

NA

0 (0)

NA

 

Pneumococcal vaccine

0 (0)

1.0 (ref.)

1 (0)

NA

0 (0)

NA

  1. LRTI, lower respiratory tract infection; PR, prevalence ratio; CI, confidence interval; ref, reference; NA, not applicable; BMI, Body mass index.
  2. a Data are n (% of everyone we have data for) or median (interquartile range).
  3. b Chronic pulmonary disease: ICD-8: 490–493, 515–518. ICD-10: DJ40-DJ47, DJ60-DJ67, DJ68.4, DJ70.1, DJ70.3, DJ84.1, DJ92.0, DJ96.1, DJ98.2, DJ98.3.
  4. c Congestive heart failure: ICD-8: 427.09, 427.10, 427.11, 427.19, 428.99, 782.49. ICD-10: DI50, DI11.0, DI13.0, DI13.2.
  5. d 7 units of alcohol for women and 14 for men per week.
  6. e “Other” employment covers: students, maternity leave, and rehabilitation support.
  7. f Travel within three month prior to the index date.
  8. Results were available for >87% except for BMI (could be calculated for 20-26% of patients), employment (available for 74-75%), alcohol use (81-90%) and vaccination (only noted if defiantly positive).
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BMC Infectious Diseases

ISSN: 1471-2334

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