From: Epidemiology of bacteremia caused by uncommon non-fermentative gram-negative bacteria
Variables | Uncommon NFGNB | Common NFGNB | Unadjusted OR | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
(N = 86) | (N = 135) | [95% CI] | ||
Median age (interquartile range), years | 55 (37–70) | 54 (37–71) | 0.996 [0.984-1.007] | 0.44 |
Median length of stay prior to bacteremia onset (interquartile range), days | 1.5 (0–12) | 10 (2–20) | 0.996 [0.986-1.005] | 0.37 |
Male sex | 30 (34.9%) | 86 (63.7%) | 0.31 [0.17-0.56] | <0.001 |
Services | ||||
▪ Medicine | 49 (57.0%) | 81 (60.0%) | 0.54 [0.26-1.13] | 0.13 |
▪ Surgery | 17 (19.8%) | 36 (26.7%) | 0.43 [0.18-1.00] | |
▪ Others | 20 (23.2%) | 18 (13.3%) | Reference group | |
Underlying diseases | ||||
▪ Hematologic malignancies | 11 (12.8%) | 38 (28.2%) | 0.37 [0.16-0.81] | 0.007 |
▪ Cardiovascular diseases | 44 (51.2%) | 45 (33.3%) | 2.10 [1.16-3.78] | 0.008 |
▪ Chronic renal diseases | 18 (20.9%) | 17 (12.6%) | 1.83 [0.83-4.06] | 0.10 |
▪ Chronic liver diseases | 7 (8.1%) | 9 (6.7%) | 1.24 [0.38-3.91] | 0.68 |
▪ Chronic lung diseases | 4 (4.7%) | 9 (6.7%) | 0.68 [0.15-2.55] | 0.77* |
▪ Solid tumor | 21 (24.4%) | 27 (20.0%) | 1.29 [0.64-2.59] | 0.44 |
▪ Diabetes | 23 (26.7%) | 26 (19.3%) | 1.53 [0.76-3.05] | 0.19 |
▪ HIV infection | 1 (1.2%) | 1 (0.7%) | 1.58 [0.20-124.65] | 0.99* |
▪ Receiving immunosuppressive agents | 6 (7.0%) | 5 (3.7%) | 1.95 [0.48-8.33] | 0.28 |
▪ Neurological diseases | 2 (2.3) | 6 (4.4%) | 0.51 [0.05-2.96] | 0.49* |
Recent antibiotic exposure within 30 d | ||||
▪ All antibiotics | 44 (51.2%) | 95 (70.4%) | 0.44 [0.24-0.80] | 0.004 |
▪ Beta-lactams | 40 (46.5%) | 88 (65.2%) | 0.46 [0.26-0.84] | 0.006 |
▪ Cephalosporins | 22 (25.6%) | 53 (39.3%) | 0.53 [0.28-1.00] | 0.04 |
▪ Carbapenems | 13 (15.1%) | 21 (15.6%) | 0.97 [0.42-2.17] | 0.93 |
▪ Beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitors | 10 (11.6%) | 24 (17.8%) | 0.61 [0.25-1.42] | 0.22 |
▪ Fluoroquinolones | 9 (10.5%) | 12 (8.9%) | 1.20 [0.42-3.26] | 0.70 |
▪ Aminoglycosides | 5 (5.8%) | 25 (18.5%) | 0.27 [0.08-0.77] | 0.007 |
▪Polymyxin E | 3 (3.5%) | 1 (0.7%) | 4.84 [0.38-256.08] | 0.30* |
▪ Vancomycin | 13 (15.1%) | 12 (8.9%) | 1.83 [0.72-4.62] | 0.15 |
▪ Metronidazole | 1 (1.2%) | 15 (11.1%) | 0.09 [0.002-0.64] | 0.006* |
▪ Cotrimoxazole | 0 | 6 (4.4%) | …. | 0.84* |
▪ Clindamycin | 3 (3.5%) | 9 (6.7%) | 0.51 [0.09-2.11] | 0.38* |
Clinical characteristics | ||||
Hospital-acquired infection | 55 (64.0%) | 112 (83.0%) | 0.36 [0.18-0.72] | <0.001 |
Sites of infection | ||||
• Primary bacteremia | 31 (36.1%) | 18 (13.3%) | 3.66 [1.79-7.56] | <0.001 |
• Pneumonia | 24 (27.9%) | 52 (38.5%) | 0.62 [0.33-1.15] | 0.11 |
• Urinary tract | 5 (5.8%) | 15 (11.1%) | 0.49 [0.14-1.51] | 0.18 |
• Gastrointestinal tract | 8 (9.3%) | 17 (12.6%) | 0.72 [0.25-1.85] | 0.45 |
• Catheter-related infection | 12 (13.9%) | 9 (6.7%) | 2.27 [0.83-6.39] | 0.07 |
• Soft tissue and surgical site infection | 0 | 7 (5.2%) | …. | 0.05* |
• Febrile neutropenia | 4 (4.7%) | 15 (11.1%) | 0.39 [0.09-1.29] | 0.14* |
• Others | 1 (1.2%) | 1 (0.7%) | 1.58 [0.20-124.65] | 0.99* |
Infection-related mortality | 15 (17.4%) | 71 (52.6%) | 0.19 [0.09-0.38] | <0.001 |