Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the study subjects, drug resistance patterns, phylogenetic lineages and their association with strain clustering
| Characteristics | Genotyping patterns | OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clustered | Unique | |||
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 63 | 79 | 0.9 (0.6-1.6) | 0.791 |
| Female | 47 | 55 | 1 | |
| Age group ( years ) | ||||
| ≤ 45 | 93 | 117 | 0.8 (0.4-1.6) | 0.534 |
| >45 | 17 | 17 | 1 | |
| Address | ||||
| Rural | 52 | 60 | 1.1 (0.7-1.8) | 0.697 |
| Urban | 58 | 74 | 1 | |
| Religion | ||||
| Christian | 108 | 130 | 1.7(0.3-9.2) | 0.693* |
| Muslim | 2 | 4 | 1 | |
| Previous TB treatment | ||||
| Yes | 26 | 17 | 2.1(1.1-4.2) | 0.026 |
| No | 84 | 117 | 1 | |
| HIV status | ||||
| Positive | 24 | 38 | 0.7 (0.4-1.3) | 0.243 |
| Negative | 86 | 96 | 1 | |
| Isoniazid | ||||
| Resistant | 22 | 12 | 2.5 (1.2-5.4) | 0.013 |
| Sensitive | 88 | 122 | 1 | |
| Rifampicin | ||||
| Resistant | 9 | 5 | 2.3 (0.7-7.1) | 0.137 |
| Sensitive | 101 | 129 | 1 | |
| Streptomycin | ||||
| Resistant | 19 | 7 | 3.8(1.5-9.4) | 0.002 |
| Sensitive | 91 | 127 | 1 | |
| Ethambutol | ||||
| Resistant | 14 | 4 | 4.7 (1.5-14.9) | 0.004 |
| Sensitive | 96 | 130 | 1 | |
| Pyrazinamid | ||||
| Resistant | 8 | 4 | 2.5(0.7-8.7) | 0.123 |
| Sensitive | 102 | 130 | 1 | |
| Resistant to one or more FLD | ||||
| Resistant | 25 | 15 | 2.3(1.2-4.7) | 0.015 |
| Sensitive | 85 | 119 | 1 | |
| MDR-TB | ||||
| Yes | 8 | 4 | 2.5(0.7-8.7) | 0.123 |
| No | 102 | 130 | 1 | |
| Resistant to all FLD | ||||
| Yes | 8 | 1 | 10.4 (1.3-84.7) | 0.012* |
| No | 102 | 133 | 1 | |
| M. tuberculosis lineages | ||||
| Dehli/CAS | 51 | 44 | 6.2 (1.7-22.6) | 0.006 |
| Ethiopia_3 | 23 | 9 | 13.6(3.2-58.3) | <0.001 |
| Haarlem | 9 | 12 | 4.0(0.9-18.0) | 0.071 |
| Ethiopia_1§ | 3 | 16 | 1 | - |
| Ethiopia_H37Rv like | 9 | 8 | 6.0 (1.3-28.5) | 0.024 |
| Ethiopia_2 | 4 | 5 | 4.3 (0.7-25.9) | 0.115 |
| URAL | 0 | 8 | - | - |
| LAM | 3 | 5 | 3.2(0.5-21.2) | 0.228 |
| TUR | 4 | 1 | 21.3(1.7- 263.7) | 0.017 |
| X-type | 0 | 3 | - | - |
| S-type | 0 | 2 | - | - |
| Beijing | 0 | 1 | - | - |
| UgandII | 0 | 1 | - | - |
| Not defined | 4 | 19 | 1.1(0.2-5.8) | 0.890 |
| Total | 110 (45.1) | 134 (54.9) | - | - |