Case no./Reference | Age (yr)/sex | Underlying diseases | Immunosuppressive therapy | Bones and joints | Treatment | Outcome | Follow up |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1/[15] | 27/F | Lymphocytopenia | None | Left iliac crest, left acetabulum, left femur | Surgery, amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole | Alive (good health) | 12 months |
2/[18] | 24/F | Sarcoidosis | None | T1, T2, T3 | Percutaneous puncture drainage, fluconazole, flucytosine, amphotericin B | Alive (no relapse) | 16 months |
3/[14] | 42/M | Diabetes mellitus, renal transplantation | Prednisone, azathioprine, prograf | Left elbow joint, left wrist joint | Sugery, fluconazole | Alive (complete resolution) | 6 months |
4/[5] | 24/F | Tuberculosis | None | T2, T3, left 3th rib | Surgery, fluconazole, amphotericin B | Died 2 weeks after the surgery | None |
5/[19] | 20/M | Sarcoidosis | Prednisone | T12, L1, L2 | Fluconazole | Alive (asymptomatic) | 6 months |
6/[17] | 22/M | None | None | Left 9th rib | Surgery, fluconazole, amphotericin B | Alive (normal) | 12 months |
7/[20] | 19/F | Sarcoidosis | Prednisone | Left humeral head | Fluconazole, amphotericin B | Alive (lesion smaller) | 1 month |
8/[21] | 84/F | Bullous pemphigoid, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, congestive heart failure, hypothyroidism, hypercholesterolemia, atrial fibrillation, degenerative joint disease | Prednisone, azathioprine | Proximal phalanx, intermediate phalanx | Fluconazole, amphotericin B, flucytosine | Died (The cause of death was unknown, and no autopsy was performed.) | None |
9/[16] | 34/F | None | None | L4, L5 | Percutaneous puncture drainage, fluconazole | Alive (full recovery ) | None (lost to follow-up) |
10/[9] | 38/F | Lymphocytopenia | None | Skull vault | Fluconazole | Alive (eradicate the infection) | None (not mentioned) |
11/[22] | 54/F | None | None | Right frontal bone | Surgery, fluconazole, flucytosine, amphotericin B | Alive (asymptomatic) | 6 weeks |
12/[24] | 38/M | Testicular cancer, sarcoidosis | None | Left clavicle | Surgery, fluconazole | Alive | None (not mentioned) |
13/[23] | 35/M | Tuberculosis, HIV | None | Left humerus. Left radius, left ulna, left 5th metacarpal | Sugery, fluconazole, amphotericin B | Alive (improved markedly) | 19 months |
14* | 40/F | Rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma# | None | L4 | Fluconazole | Alive (no relapse) | 12 months |