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Table 1 Main characteristics of 14 cases with skeletal cryptococcosis

From: Cryptococcosis of lumbar vertebra in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and scleroderma: case report and literature review

Case no./Reference

Age (yr)/sex

Underlying diseases

Immunosuppressive therapy

Bones and joints

Treatment

Outcome

Follow up

1/[15]

27/F

Lymphocytopenia

None

Left iliac crest, left acetabulum, left femur

Surgery, amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole

Alive (good health)

12 months

2/[18]

24/F

Sarcoidosis

None

T1, T2, T3

Percutaneous puncture drainage, fluconazole, flucytosine, amphotericin B

Alive (no relapse)

16 months

3/[14]

42/M

Diabetes mellitus, renal transplantation

Prednisone, azathioprine, prograf

Left elbow joint, left wrist joint

Sugery, fluconazole

Alive (complete resolution)

6 months

4/[5]

24/F

Tuberculosis

None

T2, T3, left 3th rib

Surgery, fluconazole, amphotericin B

Died 2 weeks after the surgery

None

5/[19]

20/M

Sarcoidosis

Prednisone

T12, L1, L2

Fluconazole

Alive (asymptomatic)

6 months

6/[17]

22/M

None

None

Left 9th rib

Surgery, fluconazole, amphotericin B

Alive (normal)

12 months

7/[20]

19/F

Sarcoidosis

Prednisone

Left humeral head

Fluconazole, amphotericin B

Alive (lesion smaller)

1 month

8/[21]

84/F

Bullous pemphigoid, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, congestive heart failure, hypothyroidism, hypercholesterolemia, atrial fibrillation, degenerative joint disease

Prednisone, azathioprine

Proximal phalanx, intermediate phalanx

Fluconazole, amphotericin B, flucytosine

Died (The cause of death was unknown, and no autopsy was performed.)

None

9/[16]

34/F

None

None

L4, L5

Percutaneous puncture drainage, fluconazole

Alive (full recovery )

None (lost to follow-up)

10/[9]

38/F

Lymphocytopenia

None

Skull vault

Fluconazole

Alive (eradicate the infection)

None (not mentioned)

11/[22]

54/F

None

None

Right frontal bone

Surgery, fluconazole, flucytosine, amphotericin B

Alive (asymptomatic)

6 weeks

12/[24]

38/M

Testicular cancer, sarcoidosis

None

Left clavicle

Surgery, fluconazole

Alive

None (not mentioned)

13/[23]

35/M

Tuberculosis, HIV

None

Left humerus. Left radius, left ulna, left 5th metacarpal

Sugery, fluconazole, amphotericin B

Alive (improved markedly)

19 months

14*

40/F

Rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma#

None

L4

Fluconazole

Alive (no relapse)

12 months

  1. * Present case. # The scleroderma was diagnosed after the therapy with FLC for 3 months.