Table 6 Logistic regression analysis of predictors of immunologic discordance (VL < 400 copies and CD4 change < 50 cells) compared to immuno-virologic success (VL <400 copies and CD4 change >=50 cells) at 12 month post-HAART among adult patients on ART in Nigeria
Characteristics | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Immuno-virologic success (VL <400 copies and CD4 change >=50 cells) | Immunologic discordance (VL <400 copies and CD4 change <50 cells) | Unadjusted | p-value | Adjusted | p-value |
| Â | (n = 338) | (n = 90) | OR (95% CI) | Â | OR (95% CI) | Â |
Gender | ||||||
Female | 214 (63%) | 55 (61.1%) | Ref | Â | Ref | Â |
Male | 124 (37%) | 35 (38.9%) | 1.09 (0.68-1.77) | 0.90 | 1.88 (1.05-3.11) | 0.04 |
Age at HAART Initiation (years) | ||||||
< 30 | 269 (80%) | 27 (30%) | 1.67 (0.99-2.82) | 0.05 | 1.76 (0.91-3.20) | 0.08 |
>30 | 69 (20%) | 63 (70%) | Ref | Â | Ref | Â |
Currently married | ||||||
Yes | 188 (56%) | 54 (60%) | 1.19 (0.75-1.92) | 0.46 | Â | Â |
No | 150 (44%) | 36 (40%) | Ref | Â | Â | Â |
HIV disclosure | ||||||
Yes | 317 (93.8%) | 86 (95.6%) | 1.42 (0.48-4.26) | 0.53 | Â | Â |
No | 21 (6.2%) | 4 (4.4%) | Ref | Â | Â | Â |
Tuberculosis History | ||||||
Yes | 49 (14.5%) | 5 (5.6%) | 0.35 (0.13-0.90) | 0.03 | 0.43 (0.21-1.09) | 0.08 |
No | 289 (85.5%) | 85 (94.4%) | Ref | Â | Ref | Â |
Baseline CD4 cell count (n = 613) | ||||||
< 50 | 57 (16.9%) | 3 (3.3%) | Ref | Â | Ref | Â |
50 and < 200 | 196 (58%) | 35 (38.9%) | 3.39 (1.01-11.44) | 0.049 | 3.17 (0.93-10.86) | 0.07 |
200 and <350 | 72 (21.3%) | 42 (46.7%) | 11.08 (3.27-37.61) | 0.001 | 9.90 (2.79-35.10) | >0.001 |
350 and < 500 | 9 (2.7%) | 6 (6.7%) | 12.67 (2.68-59.92 | 0.001 | 13.5 (2.59-70.13) | 0.002 |
>=500 | 4 (1.1%) | 4 (4.4%) | 18.99 (3.12-115.86 | 0.001 | 19.1 (2.91-125.59) | 0.002 |
Baseline anemia (Hemoglobin < 10 g/dl) (n = 546) | ||||||
Yes | 103 (30.5%) | 24 (26.7%) | 1.21 (0.72-2.03) | 0.48 | 1.04 (0.55-1.88) | 0.94 |
No | 235 (69.5%) | 66 (73.3%) | Ref | Â | Ref | Â |
Antiretroviral drug regimen at baseline | ||||||
ZDV / 3TC / NVP or EFV | 139 (41%) | 39 (43.3%) | Ref | Â | Ref | Â |
D4T / 3TC / NVP or EFV | 24 (7%) | 8 (8.9%) | 1.18 (0.49-2.85) | 0.70 | 1.74 (0.64-4.76) | 0.25 |
TDF / 3TC of FTC / NVP or EFV | 175 (52%) | 43 (47.8%) | 0.88 (0.54-1.43) | 0.59 | 1.29 (0.72-2.22) | 0.43 |
Drug adherence by pharmacy refill record | ||||||
>= 95% | 322 (95%) | 85 (94.4%) | Ref | Â | Ref | Â |
< 95% | 16 (5%) | 5 (5.6%) | 1.18 (0.43-3.22) | 0.75 | 1.20 (0.41-2.91) | 0.64 |
Employment status | ||||||
Employed | 288 (85.2%) | 74 (82.2%) | Ref | Â | Â | Â |
Unemployed | 46 (13.6%) | 16 (17.8%) | 1.35 (0.73-2.53) | 0.34 | Â | Â |
Retired | 1 (0.3%) | 0 (0%) | Omitted | Â | Â | Â |
Student | 3 (0.9%) | 0 (0%) | Omitted | Â | Â | Â |
Highest educational achievement | ||||||
No formal education | 152 (45%) | 41 (45.6%) | Ref | Â | Ref | Â |
Primary education | 84 (24.9%) | 20 (22.2%) | 0.88 (0.49-1.60) | 0.68 | Â | Â |
Secondary education | 14 (4.1%) | 7 (7.8%) | 1.85 (0.70-4.89) | 0.21 | Â | Â |
Post-secondary / Tertiary / Advanced education | 88 (26%) | 22 (24.4%) | 0.96 (0.54-1.72) | 0.89 | Â | Â |
Socio-economic class | ||||||
Class 1 | 14 (4.1%) | 2 (2.2%) | Ref | Â | Â | Â |
Class 2 | 54 (16%) | 13 (14.5%) | 1.69 (0.34-8.35) | 0.52 | Â | Â |
Class 3 | 147 (43.5%) | 48 (53.3%) | 2.29 (0.50-10.40) | 0.29 | Â | Â |
Class 4 | 110 (32.5%) | 25 (27.8%) | 1.59 (0.34-7.45) | 0.56 | Â | Â |
Class 5 | 13 (3.9%) | 2 (2.2%) | 1.08 (0.13-8.79) | 0.95 | Â | Â |
Current smoker | ||||||
Yes | 5 (1.5%) | 2 (2.2%) | 1.51 (0.29-7.93) | 0.62 | Â | Â |
No | 333 (98.5%) | 88 (97.8%) | Ref | Â | Â | Â |
Current alcohol user | ||||||
Yes | 28 (8.3%) | 3 (3.3%) | 0.38 (0.11-1.29) | 0.12 | 0.28 (0.09-1.27) | 0.09 |
No | 310 (91.7%) | 87 (96.7%) | Ref | Â | Ref | Â |
Current herbal drug user | ||||||
Yes | 7 (2.1%) | 3 (3.3%) | 1.63 (0.41-6.44) | 0.49 | Â | Â |
No | 331 (97.9%) | 87 (96.7%) | Ref | Â | Â | Â |