Table 5 Logistic regression analysis of predictors of virologic discordance (VL > 400 copies and CD4 change >=50 cell) compared to immuno-virologic success (VL <400 copies and CD4 change >=50 cells) at 12 month post-HAART among adult patients on ART in Nigeria

Gender

Female

214 (63%)

58 (62%)

Ref

Ref

Male

124 (37%)

36 (38%)

1.07 (0.67-1.72)

0.78

1.25 (0.72-2.01)

0.54

Age at HAART Initiation (years)

< 30

269 (80%)

66 (70%)

1.65 (0.99-2.77)

0.06

1.58 (0.88-3.01)

0.08

>30

69 (20%)

28 (30%)

Ref

Ref

Currently married

Yes

188 (56%)

57 (61%)

1.23 (0.77-1.96)

0.39

No

150 (44%)

37 (39%)

Ref

HIV disclosure

Yes

317 (93.8%)

89 (95%)

1.18 (0.43-3.22)

0.75

No

21 (6.2%)

5 (5%)

Ref

Tuberculosis History

Yes

49 (14.5%)

17 (18.1%)

1.30 (0.71-2.39)

0.39

0.92 (0.47-1.86)

0.92

No

289 (85.5%)

77 (81.9%)

Ref

Ref

Baseline CD4 cell count (n = 613)

< 50

57 (16.9%)

19 (20.2%)

Ref

Ref

50 and < 200

196 (58%)

59 (62.8%)

0.90 (0.50-1.64)

0.74

0.90 (0.56-1.61)

0.81

200 and <350

72 (21.3%)

13 (13.8%)

0.54 (0.25-1.19)

0.13

0.59 (0.20-1.38)

0.22

350 and < 500

9 (2.7%)

3 (3.2%)

1.00 (0.25-4.08)

1.0

0.58 (0.16-3.22)

0.65

>=500

4 (1.1%)

0 (0%)

Omitted

Baseline anemia (Hemoglobin < 10 g/dl) (n = 546)

Yes

103 (30.5%)

40 (42.5%)

1.69 (1.05-2.70)

0.03

1.80 (1.13-2.85)

0.04

No

235 (69.5%)

54 (57.5%)

Ref

Ref

Antiretroviral drug regimen at baseline

ZDV / 3TC / NVP or EFV

139 (41%)

37 (39%)

Ref

Ref

D4T / 3TC / NVP or EFV

24 (7%)

9 (10%)

1.41 (0.60-3.29)

0.43

1.21 (0.42-3.95)

0.59

TDF / 3TC of FTC / NVP or EFV

175 (52%)

48 (51%)

1.03 (0.64-1.67)

0.90

0.89 (0.46-1.43)

0.86

Drug adherence by pharmacy refill record

>= 95%

322 (95%)

79 (84%)

Ref

Ref

< 95%

16 (5%)

15 (16%)

3.82 (1.81-8.06)

0.001

3.90 (1.92-8.24)

0.001

Employment status

Employed

288 (85.2%)

75 (79.8%)

Ref

Ref

Unemployed

46 (13.6%)

18 (19.1%)

1.50 (0.82-2.74)

0.18

1.44 (0.77-2.56)

0.31

Retired

1 (0.3%)

0 (0%)

Omitted

Omitted

Omitted

Student

3 (0.9%)

1 (1.1%)

1.28 (0.13-12.5)

0.83

1.33 (0.15-11.7)

0.87

Highest educational achievement

No formal education

152 (45%)

58 (61.7%)

Ref

Ref

Primary education

84 (24.9%)

18 (19.2%)

0.56 (0.31-1.02)

0.06

0.56 (0.29-1.01)

0.06

Secondary education

14 (4.1%)

5 (5.3%)

0.94 (0.32-2.72)

0.90

0.92 (0.27-2.49)

0.72

Post-secondary / Tertiary / Advanced education

88 (26%)

13 (13.8%)

0.40 (0.21-0.77)

0.006

0.40 (0.22-0.68)

0.004

Socio-economic class

Class 1

14 (4.1%)

4 (4.3%)

Ref

Class 2

54 (16%)

14 (14.9%)

0.91 (0.26-3.19)

0.88

Class 3

147 (43.5%)

33 (35.1%)

0.79 (0.24-2.54)

0.69

Class 4

110 (32.5%)

41 (43.6%)

1.30 (0.41-.4.19)

0.66

Class 5

13 (3.9%)

2 (2.1%)

0.54 (0.08-3.45)

0.51

Current smoker

Yes

5 (1.5%)

1 (98.9%)

0.72 (0.08-6.21)

0.76

No

333 (98.5%)

93 (1.1%)

Ref

Current alcohol user

Yes

28 (8.3%)

8 (8.5%)

1.03 (0.45-2.34)

0.94

No

310 (91.7%)

86 (91.5%)

Ref

Current herbal drug user

Yes

7 (2.1%)

3 (3.2%)

1.56 (0.39-6.15)

0.53

No

331 (97.9%)

91 (96.8%)

Ref