Table 3 Logistic regression analysis of predictors for virologic failure (> 400 copies/ml) among Nigerian adult patients on ART

Gender

Female

374

87 (63%)

Ref

Ref

0.33

Male

217

51 (37%)

1.01 (0.68 – 1.5)

0.95

1.40 (0.72-2.07)

Age at HAART Initiation (years)

< 30

175

42 (30.4%)

1.51 (0.98-2.3)

0.06

1.79 (1.17-2.67)

0.03

>30

416

96 (69.6%)

Ref

Ref

Currently married

Yes

339

79 (43%)

0.99 (0.68-1.46)

0.98

No

252

59 (57%)

Ref

Residential Distance (in kilometers)

< 50

372

90 (65%)

Ref

Ref

51 to100

80

10 (7%)

0.45 (0.22-0.92)

0.03

0.44 (0.22-0.84)

0.04

>100

143

38 (28%)

1.17 (0.73-1.87)

0.49

1.37 (0.91-2.35)

0.24

HIV disclosure

Yes

559

132 (96%)

0.75 (0.30-1.85)

0.53

No

32

6 (4%)

Ref

Tuberculosis History

Yes

84

26 (19%)

1.58 (0.95-2.63)

0.08

1.20 (0.72-2.28)

0.46

No

507

112 (81%)

Ref

Ref

Baseline CD4 cell count (n = 613)

< 50

85

24 (17%)

Ref

Ref

50 and < 200

317

79 (57%)

0.84 (0.49-1.44)

0.54

0.82 (0.47-1.46)

0.53

200 and <350

143

26 (19%)

0.56 (0.30-1.07)

0.08

0.54 (0.22-0.93)

0.08

350 and < 500

22

5 (4%)

0.75 (0.25-2.25)

0.61

0.48 (0.17-2.53)

0.24

>=500

24

4 (3%)

0.51 (0.16-1.64)

0.26

0.58 (0.19-2.6)

0.38

Baseline anemia Hemoglobin < 10 g/dl) (n = 591)

Yes

200

58 (42%)

1.59 (1.07-2.35)

0.02

1.71 (1.22-2.61)

0.03

No

391

84 (58%)

Ref

Ref

Antiretroviral drug regimen at baseline

ZDV / 3TC / NVP or EFV

247

56 (40.6%)

Ref

Ref

D4T / 3TC / NVP or EFV

48

14 (10.1%)

1.32 (0.70-2.80)

0.34

1.35 (0.64-2.95)

0.45

TDF / 3TC of FTC / NVP or EFV

296

68 (50.3%)

0.94 (0.68-1.52)

0.93

0.90 (0.65-1.66)

0.79

Baseline Functionality

Working (70-100%)

460

96 (71.1%)

Ref

Ref

Ambulatory (50-70%)

106

34 (25.2% )

0.32 (0.09-1.06)

0.062

0.34 (0.12-1.18)

0.09

Bedridden (<50%)

11

5 (3.7%)

0.57 (0.16-1.99)

0.375

0.60 (0.14-1.87)

0.39

Drug adherence by pharmacy refill record

>= 95%

543

114 (80%)

Ref

Ref

< 95%

48

24 (20%)

3.76 (2.06-6.87)

0.001

3.82 (2.17-5.97)

0.001

Employment status

Employed

496

111 (80%)

Ref

Ref

Unemployed

90

26 (19%)

1.41 (0.85-2.33)

0.18

1. 37 (0.88-2.10)

0.26

Retired

1

0 (0%)

Omitted

Omitted

Omitted

Student

4

1 (1%)

1.16 (0.12-11.2)

0.90

1.18 (0.15-10.6)

0.94

Highest educational achievement

No formal education

283

80 (58%)

Ref

Ref

Primary education

131

26 (19%)

0.63 (0.38-1.04)

0.07

0.66 (0.39-1.07)

0.06

Secondary education

30

7 (5%)

0.77 (0.32-1.87)

0.57

0.74 (0.31-1.79)

0.61

Post-secondary / Tertiary / Advanced education (M.Sc, PhD)

147

25 (18%)

0.53 (0.32-0.88)

0.01

0.60 (0.30-0.86)

0.02

Socio-economic class

Class 1

23

6 (4%)

Ref

Class 2

93

18 (13%)

0.68 (0.23-1.97)

0.48

Class 3

260

55 (40%)

0.76 (0.29-2.02)

0.58

Class 4

195

55 (40%)

1.11 (0.42-2.97)

0.83

Class 5

20

4 (3%)

0.71 (0.17-2.98)

0.64

Current smoker

Yes

10

3 (2%)

1.42 (0.36-5.55)

0.62

No

581

135 (98%)

Ref

Current drug user

Yes

1

0 (0%)

Omitted

Omitted

No

590

138 (100%)

Ref

Current alcohol user

Yes

47

14 (10%)

1.44 (0.75-2.77)

0.28

No

544

124 (90%)

Ref

Current herbal drug user

Yes

17

6 (4%)

1.83 (0.66-5.03)

0.24

No

574

132 (96%)

Ref