All patients | Patients with blood culture taken | Patients with no blood culture taken | p1 | Positive blood culture | Negative blood culture | p2 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | 633 | 364 | 269 | 63 | 301 | ||
Median age (IQR, range) years | 40 (26–64,16-98) | 39 (26–61,16-91) | 42 (26–68,19-98) | 0.083 | 62 (36–75,16-91) | 35 (25–53,16-90) | <0.001 |
Age ≥ 65 years | 150 (23.7) | 76 (20.9) | 74 (27.5) | 0.059 | 27 (42.9) | 49 (16.3) | <0.001 |
Male gender | 300 (47.4) | 171 (47.0) | 129 (48.0) | 0.810 | 31 (49.2) | 140 (46.5) | 0.782 |
Current smoker | 216 (34.1) | 113 (31.0) | 103 (38.3) | 0.573 | 20 (31.7) | 93 (30.9) | 0.895 |
Current alcohol user | 369 (58.3) | 224 (61.5) | 145 (53.9) | 0.541 | 35 (55.6) | 189 (62.8) | 0.283 |
Recent travel history | 79 (12.5) | 49 (13.5) | 30 (11.2) | 0.398 | 7 (11.1) | 42 (14.0) | 0.686 |
Chronic disease | 202 (31.9) | 113 (31.0) | 89 (33.1) | 0.605 | 29 (46.0) | 84 (27.9) | 0.007 |
Hypochlorhydria | 71 (11.2) | 39 (10.7) | 32 (11.9) | 0.703 | 13 (20.6) | 26 (8.6) | 0.012 |
Recent antibiotic therapy | 56 (8.8) | 32 (8.8) | 24 (8.9) | 1.00 | 2 (3.2) | 30 (10.0) | 0.091 |
Duration symptoms > 4 days | 255 (40.3) | 134 (36.8) | 121 (45.0) | 0.041 | 26 (41.3) | 108 (35.9) | 0.473 |
Bloody diarrhoea | 126 (19.9) | 65 (17.9) | 61 (22.7) | 0.158 | 16 (9.5) | 59 (19.6) | 0.070 |
Abdominal pain | 493 (77.9) | 284 (78.0) | 209 (77.7) | 0.923 | 44 (69.8) | 240 (79.7) | 0.095 |
Vomiting | 427 (67.5) | 265 (72.8) | 162 (60.2) | 0.001 | 47 (74.6) | 218 (72.4) | 0.876 |
Pyrexia | 234 (37.0) | 199 (49.5) | 54 (20.1) | <0.001 | 27 (42.9) | 153 (50.8) | 0.270 |
Rigors | 95 (15.0) | 83 (22.8) | 12 (4.5) | <0.001 | 8 (12.7) | 75 (24.9) | 0.046 |
Headache | 142 (22.4) | 108 (29.7) | 34 (12.6) | <0.001 | 15 (23.8) | 93 (30.9) | 0.291 |
Cough | 46 (7.3) | 32 (8.8) | 14 (5.2) | 0.091 | 7 (11.1) | 25 (8.3) | 0.466 |
Admission temperature > 38°C3 | 124 (19.7) | 108 (29.9) | 16 (6.0) | <0.001 | 17 (27.0) | 91/298 (30.5) | 0.683 |
Admission pulse > 90/min 4 | 242 (38.5) | 151 (41.8) | 91 (34.1) | 0.006 | 32 (51.6) | 119/299 (39.8) | 0.112 |
Admission systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg 4 | 13 (2.1) | 11 (3.1) | 2 (0.8) | 0.084 | 6 (10.0) | 5 (1.7) | 0.004 |
Dehydration | 321 (50.7) | 215 (59.1) | 106 (39.4) | <0.001 | 45 (71.4) | 170 (56.5) | 0.034 |
Abdominal tenderness | 330 (52.1) | 199 (54.7) | 131 (48.7) | 0.148 | 29 (46.0) | 170 (56.5) | 0.164 |
Mental impairment | 34 (5.4) | 27 (7.2) | 7 (2.6) | 0.007 | 12 (19.0) | 15 (5.0) | 0.001 |
Lecocytosis 5 | 92 (14.8) | 66 (18.2) | 26 (10.1) | 0.008 | 15 (23.8) | 51/300 (17.0) | 0.274 |
Leucopenia 6 | 27 (4.4) | 19 (5.2) | 8 (3.1) | 0.235 | 5 (7.9) | 14 (4.7) | 0.345 |
Anaemia 7 | 44 (7.1) | 29 (8.0) | 15 (5.9) | 0.344 | 6 (9.5) | 23 (7.7) | 0.611 |
Elevated urea 8 | 189 (30.6) | 113 (31.4) | 76 (29.6) | 0.658 | 39 (61.9) | 74 (24.9) | < 0.001 |