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Table 3 25 most prevalent comorbidities and symptoms in the overall HCV population stratified and compared by antiviral treatment status and control patients without HCV

From: The high comorbidity burden of the hepatitis C virus infected population in the United States

Prevalence

Rank

Comorbidity

CCS code

Comorbidities

associated with HCV treatment and disease‡

No. of total HCV cases (n = 7411)

%

No. of HCV treated patients (n = 3469)

%

No. of HCV untreated patients (n = 3942)

%

No. of HCV uninfected controls (n = 7411)

%

Odds ratio (95%CI): treated vs untreated *

Odds ratio (95% CI): HCV cases vs. controls

1

Liver disease, othera

9.8.2

C

2779

37.5

1451

41.8

1328

33.7

221

3.0

1.34 (1.21-1.47)

19.67 (16.57-23.36)

2

Connective tissue disease, otherb

13.8

A, D

2776

37.5

1200

34.6

1576

40.0

2050

27.7

0.81 (0.74-0.90)

1.59 (1.48-1.70)

3

Abdominal pain

17.1.7

C

2675

36.1

1212

34.9

1463

37.1

1029

13.9

0.90 (0.81-0.99)

3.55 (3.25-3.87)

4

Upper respiratory disease, and other

8.1.5

A

2640

35.6

1204

34.7

1436

36.4

2194

29.6

0.96 (0.87-1.05)

1.33 (1.24-1.43)

5

Lower respiratory disease, and other unspecifiedc

8.8.3

B°

2494

33.7

1197

34.5

1297

32.9

1332

18.0

1.06(0.96-1.17)

2.39 (2.21-2.59)

6

Essential hypertension

7.1.1

E

2416

32.6

1099

31.7

1317

33.4

1914

25.8

0.93 (0.84-1.03)

1.42 (1.32-1.53)

7

Back problems, and otherd

13.3.3

C

2409

32.5

1046

30.2

13.63

34.6

1502

20.3

0.84 (0.76-0.92)

1.90 (1.76-2.05)

8

Non-traumatic joint disorders, othere

13.2.3

C

2172

29.3

877

25.3

1295

32.9

1484

20.0

0.71 (0.64-0.78)

1.66 (1.53-1.79)

9

Skin disorders, otherf

12.4

A

2125

28.7

998

28.8

1127

28.6

1649

22.3

1.06 (0.95-1.17)

1.40 (1.30-1.51)

10

Nonspecific chest pain

7.2.5

A, C

1960

26.5

859

24.8

1101

27.9

1154

15.6

0.84 (0.76-0.94)

1.98 (1.82-2.15)

11

Disorders of lipid metabolism

3.6

C

1920

25.9

813

23.4

1107

28.1

2384

32.2

0.80 (0.72-0.89)

0.73 (0.68-0.79)

12

Malaise and fatigue

17.1.8

A

1887

25.5

933

26.9

954

24.2

866

11.7

1.18 (1.07-1.32)

2.62 (2.39-2.87)

13

Gastrointestinal disorders, other and unspecifiedg

9.12.3

C

1807

24.4

836

24.1

971

24.6

708

9.6

0.93 (0.84-1.04)

3.11 (2.81-3.43)

14

Benign neoplasm, other and unspecifiedh

2.16.2

Unk

1798

24.3

833

24.0

965

24.5

1333

18.0

1.00 (0.90-1.12)

1.48 (1.36-1.61)

15

Anemia deficiency, other

4.1.3

A

1648

22.2

983

28.3

665

16.9

441

6.0

1.99 (1.77-2.23)

4.57 (4.06-5.14)

16

Esophageal disordersi

9.4.1

E

1518

20.5

674

19.4

844

21.4

709

9.6

0.85 (0.76-0.96)

2.47 (2.24-2.73)

17

Upper respiratory disease, otherj

8.9

A, BP

1441

19.4

650

18.7

791

20.1

1098

14.8

0.95 (0.85-1.07)

1.39 (1.27-1.51)

18

Allergic reactionsk

17.1.9

A

1104

14.9

616

17.8

488

12.4

714

9.6

1.60 (1.41-1.83)

1.64 (1.48-1.81)

19

Genitourinary symptoms and ill-defined conditionsl

10.1.8

Unk

1098

14.8

483

13.9

615

15.6

677

9.1

0.89 (0.78-1.01)

1.73 (1.56-1.92)

20

Substance-related mental disorders

5.2.2

E

1091

14.7

443

12.8

648

16.4

818

3.2

1.07 (0.94-1.22

1.39 (1.26-1.53)

21

Blindness and vision defects

6.7.4

A

1078

14.6

512

14.8

566

14.4

818

11.0

1.07 (0.94-1.22)

1.80 (1.62-2.01)

22

Depressive disorder

5.9.2

A, B, D

1028

13.9

489

14.1

539

13.7

312

4.2

1.06(0.92-1.21)

3.72 (3.25-4.27)

23

Diabetes mellitus without complication

3.2

B

1025

13.8

426

12.3

599

15.2

627

8.5

0.74 (0.65-0.85)

1.80 (1.62-2.01)

24

Viral infections, otherm

1.3.3

Unk

1019

13.8

447

12.9

572

14.5

663

8.9

0.87 (0.76-0.99)

1.63 (1.47-1.81)

25

Eye disorders, othern

6.7.6

A

1001

13.5

499

14.4

502

12.7

758

10.2

1.23 (1.08-1.41)

1.38 (1.25-1.53)

  1. CCS Clinical Classification Code
  2. *Odds ratios are adjusted for age, sex, and advanced liver disease status
  3. ‡ Comorbidities associated with HCV treatment: (A) conditions associated with inteferon alfa or ribavirin use and (B) concurrent disease for which therapy is contraindicated; and HCV disease: (C) symptoms of HCV disease, (D) extrahepatic manifestations associated with HCV infection, and (E) conditions associated with disease progression; Unk, unknown
  4. a Of the patients who had other liver diseases, they reported abnormal liver function (69.5%), elevated transaminase/lactate dehydrogenase (26.7%), abnormal serum enzyme levels (13.8%), ascites (10.7%), and hepatomegaly (9.0%)
  5. b Of the patients who had other connective tissue disease, they mainly reported pain in limb (38.7%), myalgia and myositis unspecified (18.8%), swelling of limb (12.5%), and spasm of muscle (9.7%)
  6. c Of the patients who had other and unspecified lower respiratory disease, they mainly reported coughs (48.5%), other respiratory abnormalities (35.6%), shortness of breath (34.1%), and other lung disease
  7. e Of the patients who had other non-traumatic joint disorders, they mainly reported joint pain in the leg (25.5%), shoulder (24.1%), ankle (15.9%), and pelvis (14.4%)
  8. f Of the patients who had other skin disorders, they mainly reported other nonspecified skin eruptions (22.3%), sebaceous cyst (14.3%), actinic keratosis (12.3%), and other seborrheic keratosis (10.8%)
  9. g Of the patients who had other unspecified gastrointestinal disorders, they mainly reported diarrhea (26.7%), splenomegaly (20.3%), irritable bowel syndrome (11.9%), and unspecified site of abdominal/pelvic swelling (10.6%)
  10. h Of the patients who had other unspecified benign neoplasm, they mainly reported benign neoplasm of the large bowel (39.2%), skin trunk (14.3%), and unspecified skin (11.5%)
  11. i Of the patients who had esophageal disorders, they mainly reported esophageal reflux (62.6%), reflux esophagitis (21.1%), esophagitis unsepcified (14.5%), and esophageal varices without bleeding (13.7%)
  12. j Of the patients who had other upper respiratory disease, they mainly reported unspecified allergic rhinitis (43.0%), rhinitis due to pollen (13.6%), chronic rhinitis (12.4%), nasal cavity/other sinus disorder (12.2%), epistaxis (11.1%), and deviated nasal septum (11.0%)
  13. k Of the patients who had allergic reactions, they mainly reported unspecified dermatitis (65.9%) and other atopic dermatitis (11.1%)
  14. l Of the patients who had genitourinary symptoms and ill-defined conditions, they mainly reported hematuria (32.0%), urinary frequency (20.1%), and dysuria (18.9%)
  15. m Of the patients who had other viral infections, they mainly reported unspecified viral infections (42.8%), unspecified viral warts (22.0%), and unspecified herpes simplex (11.4%)
  16. n Of the patients who had other eye disorders, they mainly reported unspecified tear film insufficiency (19.7%), other vitreous opacities (15.9%), and vitreous degeneration (9.5%)
  17. o Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may be misclassified under lower respiratory disease which is a antiviral treatment contraindication [14]
  18. p Upper respiratory disease, comprising mainly of rhinitis, may reflect an under-diagnosis of thyorid disorders, which is known to be associated with HCV [15].
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BMC Infectious Diseases

ISSN: 1471-2334

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