Table 2 Comparison of proportionate morbidity per 1,000 ill returned travelers seen at GeoSentinel clinics by syndrome and diagnostic groupings, A) expatriate versus nonexpatriate; B) business and volunteer expatriates versus business and volunteer non-expatriates, March 1997 – May 2011
From: Expatriates ill after travel: Results from the Geosentinel Surveillance Network
ALL | Business travelers | Volunteer travelers | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Expatriate | Non-expatriate | p-value (bivariate) | Expatriate | Non-expatriate | p-value (bivariate) | Expatriate | Non-expatriate | p-value (bivariate) | |
PM per 1,000 | PM per 1,000 | PM per 1,000 | |||||||
Acute Diarrhea | 136 | 233 | <0.01 | 131 | 231 | <0.01 | 139 | 236 | <0.01 |
Febrile/Systemic Illness | 195 | 201 | 0.46 | 265 | 212 | <0.01 | 147 | 183 | <0.01 |
Dermatologic | 88 | 121 | <0.01 | 103 | 115 | 0.22 | 79 | 130 | <0.01 |
GI, Other | 121 | 74 | <0.01 | 112 | 71 | <0.01 | 127 | 79 | <0.01 |
Respiratory | 49 | 86 | <0.01 | 75 | 102 | <0.01 | 31 | 59 | <0.01 |
Vector-borne | |||||||||
Malaria | 84 | 62 | <0.01 | 109 | 62 | <0.01 | 67 | 61 | 0.37 |
Dengue | 21 | 23 | 0.44 | 31 | 22 | 0.05 | 13 | 25 | <0.01 |
Leishmaniasis | 5 | 5 | 0.73 | 2 | 4 | 0.42 | 8 | 6 | 0.60 |
Rickettsiosis | 3 | 4 | 0.56 | 6 | 5 | 0.64 | 1 | 2 | 0.41 |
Filariasis | 14 | 4 | <0.01 | 3 | 2 | 0.48 | 21 | 6 | <0.01 |
Ingestion | |||||||||
Typhoid & Paratyphoid | 4 | 5 | 0.83 | 6 | 3 | 0.18 | 3 | 6 | 0.17 |
Hepatitis A | 3 | 2 | 0.35 | 7 | 3 | 0.03 | 0.6 | 2 | 0.69 |
Hepatitis E | 3 | 0.4 | <0.01 | 3 | 0.5 | 0.06 | 4 | 0.2 | <0.01 |
GI disease (parasitic) | 15 | 13 | 0.28 | 18 | 11 | 0.05 | 14 | 16 | 0.64 |
GI disease (bacterial) | 11 | 27 | <0.01 | 14 | 30 | <0.01 | 9 | 23 | <0.01 |
Amebiasis | 32 | 17 | <0.01 | 19 | 16 | 0.32 | 41 | 19 | <0.01 |
Giardiasis | 26 | 32 | 0.10 | 24 | 28 | 0.36 | 28 | 39 | 0.05 |
Brucellosis | 2 | 0.4 | <0.01 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.52 | 4 | 0.2 | <0.01 |
Respiratory Contact | |||||||||
Influenza | 7 | 17 | <0.01 | 13 | 23 | 0.03 | 3 | 9 | 0.01 |
Latent TB | 19 | 8 | <0.01 | 26 | 9 | <0.01 | 14 | 5 | <0.01 |
Active TB | 4 | 2 | 0.02 | 6 | 2 | 0.03 | 3 | 1 | 0.07 |
Blood/Body Fluid/Sexual | |||||||||
HIV | 7 | 2 | <0.01 | 13 | 3 | <0.01 | 2 | 1 | 0.27 |
Hepatitis B | 1 | 1 | 0.91 | 0.8 | 1 | 1.00 | 0.6 | 0 | 0.27 |
IMS1 – EBV2/CMV3 | 16 | 7 | <0.01 | 8 | 8 | 0.89 | 22 | 5 | <0.01 |
Environmental Contact | |||||||||
Schistosomiasis | 15 | 9 | <0.01 | 10 | 5 | 0.02 | 19 | 15 | 0.26 |
Strongyloidiasis | 14 | 5 | <0.01 | 7 | 3 | 0.03 | 19 | 9 | <0.01 |
Ectoparasites | 4 | 9 | <0.01 | 5 | 7 | 0.42 | 4 | 12 | <0.01 |
Animal Bites | 3 | 3 | 0.99 | 6 | 2 | 0.03 | 0.6 | 4 | 0.05 |
Non-infectious | |||||||||
Fracture & Dislocation | 1 | 0.4 | 0.20 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.33 | 1 | 0.7 | 0.62 |
Depression | 8 | 3 | <0.01 | 9 | 2 | <0.01 | 7 | 5 | 0.24 |
Anxiety & Stress | 7 | 3 | <0.01 | 3 | 4 | 1.00 | 10 | 3 | <0.01 |
Cardiac Disease | 2 | 1 | 0.04 | 4 | 1 | 0.02 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.47 |