|
Factors
|
Case [no.(%)] (n = 13)
|
Control [no.(%)] (n = 52)
|
P value
|
OR (95%CI)
|
|---|
|
Gender
| | | | |
|
Female
|
9 (21.4)
|
51 (55.4)
|
Reference
|
|
Male
|
14 (78.6)
|
41 (44.6)
|
0.190
|
1.81 (0.75-4.38)
|
|
Age, years
| | | | |
|
0-5
|
4 (17.4)
|
36 (39.1)
|
Reference
|
|
5-10
|
6 (26.1)
|
29 (31.5)
|
0.612
|
1.51 (0.31-7.35)
|
|
10-15
|
9 (39.1)
|
21 (22.8)
|
0.033
|
4.36 (1.12-9.81)
|
|
15-17
|
4 (17.4)
|
6 (6.5)
|
0.029
|
5.53 (1.19-25.79)
|
|
Geographic location
| | | | |
|
Urban areas
|
6 (26.1)
|
32 (34.8)
|
Reference
|
|
Rural areas
|
17 (73.9)
|
60 (65.2)
|
0.384
|
1.75 (0.54-5.66)
|
|
Time from illness onset to hospitalization (days)
| | | | |
|
1-10
|
2 (8.7)
|
35 (38.0)
|
Reference
|
|
10-20
|
3 (13.0)
|
24 (26.1)
|
0.398
|
2.22 (0.35-14.15)
|
|
20-30
|
12 (52.2)
|
17 (18.5)
|
0.004
|
11.39 (2.20-59.02)
|
|
≥30
|
6 (26.1)
|
16 (17.4)
|
0.055
|
5.05 (0.96-26.84)
|
|
Contact with birds/droppings or saprophytes*
| | | | |
|
No
|
5 (21.7)
|
56 (60.9)
|
Reference
|
|
Yes
|
18 (78.3)
|
36 (39.1)
|
0.001
|
9.32 (2.54-34.23)
|
|
Underlying disease†
| | | | |
|
No
|
17 (73.9)
|
80 (87.0)
|
Reference
|
|
Yes
|
6 (26.1)
|
12 (13.0)
|
0.160
|
2.05 (0.75-5.58)
|
- * Birds included pigeons, chicken, or parrots; saprophytes included soils, grassland, or rotten vegetables and fruits.
- † Underlying diseases included hepatitis B (1 case, 3 controls), renal disease (1 case, 2 controls), diabetes (1 case, 1 control), aplastic anemia (1 case, 1 control), tuberculosis and hepatitis B(1 case, 1 control), and hand-foot-mouth disease (1 case, 4 controls).
