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Table 2 Risk factors for MDR, MDR gram-negatives and ESKAPE group pathogens infection

From: Additional risk factors for infection by multidrug-resistant pathogens in healthcare-associated infection: a large cohort study

Variables

Total, n (%) n=718

Microbiological documentation, n (%) n=439

MDR, n (%) n=123

Crude OR

p-value

MDR-GN, n (%) n=104

Crude OR

p-value

ESKAPE pathogens, n(%) n=41

Crude OR

p-value

Age

   

1.6*

<0.001

 

1.5*

0.009

 

1.3*

0.170

  ≤60 years

271 (38)

166 (38)

33 (27)

  

30 (28)

  

13 (32)

  

  61-80 years

250 (35)

157 (36)

44 (36)

  

37 (36)

  

13 (32)

  

  >80 years

197 (27)

116 (26)

46 (37)

  

37 (36)

  

15 (36)

  

Male sex

344 (48)

203 (46)

56 (46)

1.1

0.656

45 (43)

0.9

0.542

21 (51)

1.2

0.503

Previous antibiotic therapy

137 (19)

94 (21)

38 (31)

1.9

0.009

30 (29)

1.7

0.033

20 (49)

4.2

<0.001

Hospitalization in the previous year (4 months - 1 year)

146 (20)

102 (23)

37 (30)

2.1

0.006

29 (28)

1.8

0.031

14 (34)

3.3

0.003

Immunosupression (not meeting criteria of HCAI)

113 (16)

81 (19)

25 (20)

1.1

0.685

24 (23)

1.5

0.116

10 (24)

1.5

0.306

Chronic hepatic disease

18 (3)

14(3)

4 (3)

0.9

0.818

3 (3)

0.9

0.829

2 (5)

1.7

0.522

Chronic heart failure

46 (6)

27 (6)

13 (11)

2.5

0.026

11 (11)

2.3

0.038

2 (5)

0.8

0.723

Chronic respiratory disease

52 (7)

30 (7)

13 (11)

2.2

0.056

11 (11)

1.9

0.093

4 (10)

1.6

0.439

Chronic haematologic disease

35 (5)

29 (7)

8 (7)

1.0

0.945

5 (5)

0.7

0.444

5 (12)

2.2

0.139

Cancer (not meeting criteria of HCAI)

10 (1)

6 (1)

2 (2)

1.5

0.666

2 (2)

1.6

0.578

0 (0)

  

Diabetes

144 (20)

96 (22)

32 (26)

1.3

0.291

27 (26)

1.4

0.239

11 (27)

1.4

0.421

Atherosclerosis

168 (23)

105 (24)

40 (33)

1.8

0.017

32 (31)

1.6

0.069

13 (32)

1.5

0.222

Karnofsky index<70

227 (32)

149 (34)

57 (46)

1.8

0.006

44 (42)

1.6

0.046

22 (54)

2.5

0.006

  1. Association of demographic and clinical variables with infection by MDR, MDR gram negatives and ESKAPE pathogens among patients admitted from the community (with community-acquired or healthcare-associated infections), using logistic regression.
  2. *increase in the odds per category of age; MDR – multi-drug resistant; MDR-GN – multi-drug resistant gram negatives; OR – odds ratio; ESKAPE - Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, MRSA, ESBL producing E. coli and Klebsiella species, Klebsiella pneumonia Carbapenamase-hydrolyzing and MDR Acinectobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter species.